Tornado Climatology of Finland

Rauhala, Jenni; Brooks, Harold E.; Schultz, David M.

doi:10.1175/mwr-d-11-00196.1

Cited by 40 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Averaging the continental coastline of each country into 100 km segments, the proportion of waterspouts per 100 km of coast per year is 3.8 in Catalonia, 3.0 in Croatia (Renko et al, ), and 2.1 in Greece (Matsangouras et al, ). In contrast, in central and eastern Europe, the normalized number of tornadoes is significantly lower, as in Germany (0.7, Bissolli et al, ), Finland (0.5, Rauhala et al, ), Poland (0.3, Taszarek and Brooks, ), or Romania (0.3, Antonescu and Bell, ). Note that the tornado climatologies cited above for different countries refer to a temporal period similar to that of the present study.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

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Sounding‐derived parameters associated with tornadic storms in Catalonia

Rodríguez

Bech

2017

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Similarly, there have been specific studies of tornado climatology in several European countries (e.g. Rauhala et al, ; Matsangouras et al, ; Mulder and Schultz, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sounding‐derived parameters associated with tornadic storms in Catalonia

Rodríguez

Bech

2017

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…However, there is typically a large discrepancy between the observed and actual tornado frequencies and intensities, 35,36 and obtaining a robust tornado climatology for a country without a long history of organized efforts to document tornadoes is quite challenging. 37 Very little is known about the actual number of tornadoes in China, let alone their spatial variations. Thus, great care should be taken when working with what are virtually guaranteed to be incomplete climatologies.…”

Section: Tornado Climatology and Its Relationship With Topographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Comment on "Eliminating the major tornado threat in Tornado Alley"

Dahl

Markowski

2014

Int. J. Mod. Phys. B

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The authors draw from half a century of meteorological research to expose flaws in a recent proposal to build 300-m-tall tornado-prevention walls across the U.S. Great Plains. The idea behind the walls is that they would prevent cold and warm air masses from clashing and would therefore suppress tornadoes. The problem with this proposal, however, is that atmospheric fronts ("airmass clashes") are neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for tornadoes and that the proposed walls would not prevent the formation of fronts in the first place. Additional misconceptions about supercells thunderstorms and tornado formation also are identified.

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“…al. 2010;Brazdil et al 2012;Rauhala et al 2012). This paper presents a synoptic analysis of two examples of this phenomenon which, although occurring in relatively different weather conditions, caused equally disas-trous consequences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The forecasting of tornado events: the synoptic background of two different tornado’s case study

Wrona

Avotniece

2015

Meteorol. Hydrol. Water Manage.

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The synoptic analyses of two different tornado cases, observed in Latvia and Poland in the summer of 2012, are examined in this paper. The first of them, the tornado in Latvia seemed to be a "textbook example" of tornado occurrence. Its development took place in the contact zone of the warm, tropical air, characterized by a very high CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy), with cold and moist polar marine air mass behind the convergence line that determined very good conditions for convective updraft. Additionally, the moderate environmental wind shear favoured the sufficient condition for concentrating the atmosphere's vorticity into well-organized strong rotating upward motions that produced the supercell structures and tornado. Thus, from the forecaster's point of view, the occurrence of this severe convective event was not a surprise. This phenomenon was predicted correctly more than a dozen hours before the tornado occurred.The second event occurred in the north of Poland and was associated with a thunderstorm where a supercell was formed in conditions of low CAPE but favourable wind profile, both vertical and horizontal. Helical environments (characterized by large shear vectors that veered with height in the lowest three kilometres, especially the nearest one kilometre) were arguably the most important factor that determined the Polish tornado's occurrence. In this case the analysis of the synoptic situation was not so clear and the superficial analysis, even post factum, regarding radar, satellite or detection maps might have suggested "quite a normal" summer thunderstorm. However, the detailed examination showed the reasons why tornado genesis took place. The potential conditions for the occurrence of this severe phenomenon were indicated by forecasters, although the forecasts were less exact with regard to the place of occurrence and the heaviness of the strike.

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Tornado Climatology of Finland

Abstract: A tornado climatology for Finland is constructed from 1796 to 2007. The climatology consists of two datasets. A historical dataset (1796-1996) is largely constructed from newspaper archives and other historical archives and datasets, and a recent dataset

Cited by 40 publications

References 41 publications

Sounding‐derived parameters associated with tornadic storms in Catalonia

Sounding‐derived parameters associated with tornadic storms in Catalonia

Comment on "Eliminating the major tornado threat in Tornado Alley"

The forecasting of tornado events: the synoptic background of two different tornado’s case study

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