Torched Earth: Dimensions of extraterritorial nationalism in the Chinese and Russian Olympic torch relays

Bennett, Mia M.

doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2016.06.007

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…(5) The torch relay is a traditional publicity activity of the Olympic Games. After the OCOG submits the list of torch relay cities to the IOC for approval, the OCOG contacts the government of the cities to participate in the torch relay to implement the details (Bennett, 2016); therefore, star-shaped connections occur between the IOC, the OCOG, and the governments of cities that carry out the torch relay (Figure 1e).…”

Section: Affairs Of the Olympic Games That May Lead To Intercity Connectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2) Studies on the reasons why cities compete for the right to host Olympic Games, in which scholars have mostly taken the Olympic Games or other large-scale ISEs as research samples to explore the reasons why cities host the Olympic Games and other sporting events (Shoval, 2002;Westerbeek et al, 2002;Caiazza and Audretsch, 2015). (3) Studies on the geopolitical impacts of hosting the Olympic Games on host countries and cities, in which scholars have mostly focused on the geopolitical characteristics of the torch relay of the Olympic Games (Agnew, 1994;Agnew, 2005) and especially on the Games held in socialist and developing countries (Bennett, 2016). (4) Studies on the influence of media reports and television broadcasts on the Olympic Games and the image of the host city, which have mainly been based on the content analysis of media reports (Van den Broucke and Gama Gato, 2018) and the feedback of the crowd that watched the TV broadcast (Rothenbuhler, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intercity connections and a world city network based on international sport events: Empirical studies on the Beijing, London, and Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games

Xue

2021

J. Geogr. Sci.

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With so many sports becoming increasingly popular, sports have come to play an important role in promoting the process of globalization and formatting the world city network (WCN). Previous studies have constructed the WCN based on the distribution of international sport federations (ISFs) and the sites of international sport events (ISEs), but there is still a lack of systematic research on the intercity connections caused by ISEs. Taking three most recent Olympic Games as cases, this paper explores intercity connections and WCN based on ISEs. The results show that (1) the Olympic WCN has city nodes around the world except in Antarctica, and the number and activity values of the cities in host countries may increase intensively during the Olympic Games. (2) A hierarchical city system with four tiers (global central cities, specialized central cities, national central cities and specialized cities) is formed by the intercity connections caused by the Olympic Games. (3) The WCN based on the Olympic Games, is made up of many subnetworks, while many differences occur due to the diverse decisions made by the Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games (OCOG), host cities or even host countries in the events associated with sponsorship activity and publicity activity. This study not only broadens the relevant fields of sports culture-oriented WCN research but also explores the instability of the WCN, which makes it an effective reference for WCN research based on ISEs.

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Section: Affairs Of the Olympic Games That May Lead To Intercity Connectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercity connections and a world city network based on international sport events: Empirical studies on the Beijing, London, and Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games

Xue

2021

J. Geogr. Sci.

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“…Perhaps connected to historical competitions between imperial powers, masculinity and bravery (Bloom, 1993;Drivenes, 2004;Lewis-Jones, 2017) -brought to the present in the shape of e.g. Olympic Games' torches reaching the North Pole (Bennett, 2016) -the Arctic does seem particularly prone to the aforementioned gamemetaphors. Such metaphors are anything but inconsequential; they are part of the above "spatialisation", of constructing the Arctic as a certain kind of space (Wilson Rowe, 2018a, 2018b.…”

Section: The Arctic Playing-fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Language-games, geography, and making sense of the Arctic

Medby

2019

Geoforum

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Geography is closely tied to language: denominations, definitions, and metaphors are all part of conditioning spatial understandings. In recent years, critical geographers have also highlighted that there is much more to geography than its representation. One philosopher whose work centred on the relationship between language and practice, meaning and use, was Ludwig Wittgenstein. Yet, explicit engagement with his thought has been modest in geography. This article argues that Wittgenstein's later philosophy of language offers useful contributions to the study of geography. It focuses on a space presently undergoing rapid "spatialisation", the Arctic, and draws on articulations by Norwegian state personnel, policy papers, and speeches. Using Wittgenstein's concept of "language-games", the paper demonstrates how spatial understandings are closely tied to practice, while political practices themselves are as much about knowing how to use language. The aim here is neither to unmask any hidden meaning nor to arrive at any one definition, but rather to highlight how meaning lies in terms' use. In order to "make sense of" seemingly competing names, definitions, and sayings, these must be seen in light of different practices. However, as socially defined, the "rules" may also change. This is arguably where the potential and political purchase of Wittgenstein's thought lies: in emphasising how geographical meaning is made through social and political interaction.

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“…As it happens, the most useful analysis is being conducted by scholars representing the first approach. The rich existing literature on the Sochi 2014 Games explores the various economic (Golubchikov, 2017;Mu¨ller, 2014), cultural (Bennett, 2016;Casula, 2016;Mulcahy, 2017), tourism-related (Vetitnev and Bobina, 2017), political (Ekberg and Strange, 2017;Gronskaya and Makarychev, 2014;Lenskyj, 2014;Persson and Petersson, 2014), mass media-related (Gambarato, 2015;Wolfe, 2016) and legal (Davidson and McDonald, 2017;Postlethwaite, 2014) questions posed by the run-up to as well as the implementation and legacy of this mega-event. Roche (2000: 2) famously claimed regarding the future consequences of all mega-events that there exists a specific long-lasting temporal dynamic in their understanding and consequences: some effects of the events become obvious when '"the show" appears to be over'.…”

Section: The Sochi Games: Conceptualizing the Universal And The Particularmentioning

confidence: 99%

The urban commodity futures of the Olympics: Examining the multiscalar processes of the Games

Трубина

2019

Environ Plan A

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This paper seeks to establish the theoretical concept of 'urban commodity futures' by drawing on David Harvey's account of the contradictions of capitalism and Wladimir Andreff's analysis of Olympic bidding as a monopolist allocation process based on auctioning in the context of asymmetrical information. 'Urban commodity futures' are shown to be a process of urban change both enabled by and formative of the boosters of 'the next big thing in the city'. The discursive performativity of visions of the urban future generated by the boosters both creates new and reproduces existing possibilities for profitable manipulation of the public sector. The boosters unite geographically disparate markets in the global auction of assets and ambitions by establishing specific connections between places through bidding competitions and by capitalizing on existing contradictions. The bidding itself becomes an auction in which urban commodity futures are traded to strengthen the links between local capital and transnational corporations. When considered in light of 'urban commodity futures', the case of the 2014 Winter Games offers a stimulating inversion of some narratives of the Games, whereby developing countries are presented as striving to 'earn' the global community's attention.

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Torched Earth: Dimensions of extraterritorial nationalism in the Chinese and Russian Olympic torch relays

Cited by 7 publications

References 62 publications

Intercity connections and a world city network based on international sport events: Empirical studies on the Beijing, London, and Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games

Intercity connections and a world city network based on international sport events: Empirical studies on the Beijing, London, and Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games

Language-games, geography, and making sense of the Arctic

The urban commodity futures of the Olympics: Examining the multiscalar processes of the Games

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