Topside sounding of the earth's ionosphere

Chapman, John H.; Warren, E. S.

doi:10.1007/bf00175119

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…These data could be used to determine electron density profiles down to the peak below each satellite, and at the midpoint between them. In the simulated Chapman and Warren (1968). Illustration of the ionospheric topside sounding technique, showing method of ionospheric density-altitude profile observation using swept-frequency transmissions.…”

Section: Networked Sounding From Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential for a Networked Ionospheric Sounding Constellation

Chartier

2022

Space Weather

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A novel networked sounding constellation mission concept is proposed. Radio sounding is the original sensing method that proved the existence of the ionosphere. Satellite‐borne sounders provided the first global observations of the terrestrial ionosphere and plasmasphere, as well as the Martian ionosphere. Networked sounding, where signals are transmitted and received across multiple instruments, has been used on the ground since the first days of ionospheric observation. This paper proposes networked sounding from space, to produce measurements of the F‐layer peak, enhanced E‐layers, regions of turbulent structuring, the topside scale height (or transition height) and potentially the plasmapause. The principal advantage of sounding over other methods is direct measurement of the peak density, where a networked implementation greatly increases spatial data coverage because it provides multiple unique signal paths through the ionosphere at different frequencies. Major advances in satellite software‐defined radio, deployable antennas, signal processing and data analysis have been made in recent years, such that a networked sounding constellation could be built at realistic cost—either as a hosted payload on commercial buses or on dedicated CubeSats.

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Section: Networked Sounding From Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential for a Networked Ionospheric Sounding Constellation

Chartier

2022

Space Weather

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“…Lawrence et al (1964) and Millman (1967) have published reviews on propagation effects on trans-ionospheric signals, and reviews on the three "generic" uses of earth satellites to measure ionospheric characteristics (TEC and scintillations of beacon signals, and topside sounding) are given by; Chapman and Warren (1968), Evans (1977), Davies (1980), Jackson et al (1980), Aarons (1982), Yeh and Liu (1982). Until the advent ofthe high altitude rockets, satellites, and incoherent-scatter sounders, the topside ionosphere was inaccessible by standard ground-based radio techniques.…”

Section: Satellite Radio Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reviews of topside sounder technology and results of early investigations are reported in the Special Issue of JATP of November, 1967, by Chapman and Warren (1968), and in the Special Issue ofthe Proceedings ofthe IEEE of June 1969 (guest editors, Schmerling and Langille) also by Benson and Bitoun (1979).…”

Section: Satellite Topside Soundersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radio Techniques for Probing the Terrestrial Ionosphere

Hunsucker¹

1991

Physics and Chemistry in Space

105

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“…If we observe and monitor the variation in these parameters, we may estimate the ionospheric impact on the transionospheric radio applications. For this reason, ionospheric conditions, including the F 2 layer, have been monitored with various observation equipment, such as worldwide ionosonde networks (e.g., Galkin et al, 2006), incoherent scatter radars (e.g., Gordon, 1958), topside sounding (e.g., Chapman & Warren, 1968), and radio occultation from satellites (e.g., Hajj et al, 1994; Hardy et al, 1994). However, these observations not only have limitations in terms of time and spatial resolutions but also cannot predict future conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Ionospheric Parameter Estimation by Assimilating the LSTM Trained Results Into the SAMI2 Model

et al. 2020

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This paper presents a study on the possibility of predicting the regional ionosphere at midlatitude by assimilating the predicted ionospheric parameters from a neural network (NN) model into the Sami2 is Another Model of the Ionosphere (SAMI2). The NN model was constructed from the data set of Jeju ionosonde (33.43°N, 126.30°E) for the period of 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2015 by using the long-short term memory (LSTM) algorithm. The NN model provides 24-hr prediction of the peak density (NmF2) and peak height (hmF2) of the F2 layer over Jeju. The predicted NmF2 and hmF2 were used to compute two ionospheric drivers (total ion density and effective neutral meridional wind), which were assimilated into the SAMI2 model. The SAMI2-LSTM model estimates the ionospheric conditions over the midlatitude region around Jeju on the same geomagnetic meridional plane. We evaluate the performance of the SAMI2-LSTM by comparing predicted NmF2 and hmF2 values with measured values during the geomagnetic quiet and storm periods. The root-mean-square error values of NmF2 (hmF2) from Jeju ionosonde measurements are lower by 45% and 45% (30% and 11%) than those of the SAMI2 and IRI-2016 models during the geomagnetic quiet periods. However, during the geomagnetic storm periods, the performance of the SAMI2-LSTM model does not predict positive geomagnetic storms well. Comparing the quiet and storm periods for the SAMI2-LSTM model, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the storm period was calculated to be 2.76 (3.2) times higher at Jeju (Icheon) than in the quiet period. From these results, we demonstrated that in this study, the combination of the NN-LSTM model and physics-based model could improve the ionosphere prediction of existing theoretical and empirical models for midlatitude regions, at least in geomagnetically quiet conditions. We strongly suggest that this attempt, which has not been reported before, could be used as one of the keys to advance the physics-based model further.

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Topside sounding of the earth's ionosphere

Cited by 17 publications

References 39 publications

The Potential for a Networked Ionospheric Sounding Constellation

The Potential for a Networked Ionospheric Sounding Constellation

Radio Techniques for Probing the Terrestrial Ionosphere

Regional Ionospheric Parameter Estimation by Assimilating the LSTM Trained Results Into the SAMI2 Model

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