Abstract:Flextensional actuators assembled in association with piezoceramics feature the amplification of nanometric displacements generated by the ceramics energy conversion. For applications that require high precision positioning or vibration response attenuation, such as hard disc reading or atomic force microscopy, a response tracking control needs to be implemented. Shell and plate piezoactuators with vibration control have been extensively studied in literature, however the design of controlled piezoelectric sys… Show more
“…To demonstrate the operating principle of the system and validate analytical models, the authors built a prototype using acrylic VHB as the DE and operated it at low frequencies, achieving convertible power densities on the order of 2 mW cm À3 . Consistently with established results in the field of inertial energy harvesting, [73,145] they pointed out that the system delivers maximum power output when the vibrations excitation frequency equals a natural frequency of the system, i.e., in resonance conditions.…”
Section: Energy Harvesting From Ambient Sources and Renewable Energysupporting
confidence: 78%
“…In applications, this allows the achievement of large DEG deformations with limited input forces and with no need for external static or dynamic negative-spring mechanisms for DEG's stiffness compensation. [44,61,73] Nonetheless, this elastomer has large hysteresis losses and non-negligible electrical conductivity, which limit the efficiency and the convertible energy in practical applications. The value of self-discharging time constant τ d suggests that this material is unsuitable for low-frequency applications (on the order of 10 À1 Hz).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Up until now, point absorber DEGS-based WECs have been the most widely investigated. [23,73,154,155] These systems generally rely on WEC layouts proposed in the past, [6] from which they differ in that they hold a DEG PTO instead of conventional generators. Their operating principle is schematically shown in Figure 18a.…”
Dielectric elastomer generator systems (DEGSs) are a class of electrostatic softtransducers capable of converting oscillating mechanical power from different sources into usable electricity. Over the past years, a diversity of DEGSs has been conceived, integrated, and tested featuring diverse topologies and implementation characteristics tailored on different applications. Herein, the recent advances on DEGSs are reviewed and illustrated in terms of design of hardware architectures, power electronics, and control, with reference to the different application targets, including large-scale systems such as ocean wave energy converters, and small-scale systems such as human motion or ambient vibration energy harvesters. Finally, challenges and perspectives for the advancement of DEGSs are identified and discussed.
“…To demonstrate the operating principle of the system and validate analytical models, the authors built a prototype using acrylic VHB as the DE and operated it at low frequencies, achieving convertible power densities on the order of 2 mW cm À3 . Consistently with established results in the field of inertial energy harvesting, [73,145] they pointed out that the system delivers maximum power output when the vibrations excitation frequency equals a natural frequency of the system, i.e., in resonance conditions.…”
Section: Energy Harvesting From Ambient Sources and Renewable Energysupporting
confidence: 78%
“…In applications, this allows the achievement of large DEG deformations with limited input forces and with no need for external static or dynamic negative-spring mechanisms for DEG's stiffness compensation. [44,61,73] Nonetheless, this elastomer has large hysteresis losses and non-negligible electrical conductivity, which limit the efficiency and the convertible energy in practical applications. The value of self-discharging time constant τ d suggests that this material is unsuitable for low-frequency applications (on the order of 10 À1 Hz).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Up until now, point absorber DEGS-based WECs have been the most widely investigated. [23,73,154,155] These systems generally rely on WEC layouts proposed in the past, [6] from which they differ in that they hold a DEG PTO instead of conventional generators. Their operating principle is schematically shown in Figure 18a.…”
Dielectric elastomer generator systems (DEGSs) are a class of electrostatic softtransducers capable of converting oscillating mechanical power from different sources into usable electricity. Over the past years, a diversity of DEGSs has been conceived, integrated, and tested featuring diverse topologies and implementation characteristics tailored on different applications. Herein, the recent advances on DEGSs are reviewed and illustrated in terms of design of hardware architectures, power electronics, and control, with reference to the different application targets, including large-scale systems such as ocean wave energy converters, and small-scale systems such as human motion or ambient vibration energy harvesters. Finally, challenges and perspectives for the advancement of DEGSs are identified and discussed.
“…. ,18): From Equations (43)-(48) and (54), we may obtain the unknown functions of g II i (Z) and f II i (Z) 2,4,5,7,8,10,11,13,14,16,17) , (A17)…”
Section: Appendix Amentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Piezoelectric polymers have been widely used in sensors, actuators, electronic information and intelligent structures because of its great force-electric coupling characteristics [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The piezoelectric polymers usually participate in the work of piezoelectric instruments in the form of piezoelectric sheets which usually are simplified to a piezoelectric cantilever beam [7][8][9].The problems of piezoelectric cantilever beams are usually difficult to be solved analytically due to the existence of the force-electric coupling constitutive relation. It is known that the design of piezoelectric instruments often requires the analytical expression of the problem of piezoelectric cantilever beams as a theoretical reference.…”
The existing studies indicate that the application of piezoelectric polymers is becoming more and more extensive, especially in the analysis and design of sensors or actuators, but the problems of piezoelectric structure are usually difficult to solve analytically due to the force–electric coupling characteristics. In this study, the bending problem of a piezoelectric cantilever beam was investigated via theoretical and experimental methods. First, the governing equations of the problem were established and non-dimensionalized. Three piezoelectric parameters were selected as perturbation parameters and the perturbation solution of the equations was finally obtained using a multi-parameter perturbation method. In addition, the relevant experiments of the piezoelectric cantilever beam were carried out, and the experimental results were in good agreement with the theoretical solutions. Based on the experimental results, the effect of piezoelectric properties on the bending deformation of piezoelectric cantilever beams was analyzed and discussed. The results indicated that the multi-parameter perturbation solution obtained in this study is effective and it may serve as a theoretical reference for the design of sensors or actuators made of piezoelectric polymers.
Summary
This article addresses the compliance problem along with the piezoelectric actuator design for active vibration control. The topology structural design is obtained by solving a compliance minimization problem with volume constraint, whereas the actuator design is carried out by the maximization of a control performance index written in terms of the controllability Gramian. This measure describes the ability of the actuator to move the structure from an initial condition to a desired final state, at rest for instance, in a finite time interval. The actuator design is also characterized by the polarization profile, which is defined according to the distribution of an additional design variable. Therefore, the actuators can yield both tensile and compressing fields at different points of the structure using the same applied control voltage. To achieve this goal, a material interpolation scheme based on the solid isotropic material with penalization and the piezoelectric material with penalization and polarization (PEMAP‐P) models is employed, and both the optimum structure/actuator layout and polarization profile are obtained simultaneously. The sensitivities with respect to the polarization and design variables are calculated analytically. Numerical examples are presented considering the design and vibration control for a cantilever beam, a beam fixed at both ends, and an L‐bracket structure to show the efficiency of the proposed formulation. The control performance of the designed structures are analyzed employing a linear‐quadratic regulator simulation, and these results are compared to verify the influence of the optimized polarization profiles.
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