Topology optimization and the evolution trends of two-speed transmission of EVs

Gao, Bingzhao; Meng, Dele; Shi, Wentong; Cai, Wenqi; Dong, Shiying; Zhang, Yuanjian; Chen, Hong

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2022.112390

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Figure 10a features the layshaft, parallel axis gear design in which the differential can either be offset or co-axial with the EM rotation axis. This design is by far the most common EM-TRM combination with an overall ratio, GR * FDR, in the range of 6:1 to 10:1 and can be found in numerous light-duty vehicles as either FWD, RWD or AWD, see [42]. Planetary gears can be used similarly as noted in Figure 10b to create a single speed design, with a much more limited overall ration range of 2:1 to 5:1 when compared to layshaft designs.…”

Section: Review Of Electric Vehicle Transmissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Downstream of the EM, the EV transmission (TRM) has also been the subject of much research, with the authors of [4,31,32] providing excellent summaries of TRM designs specific to EV propulsion systems from the early 2000s to the present. Single-speed TRMs are nearly the singular choice for EVs with, at most, two-production, two-speed designs [4,[31][32][33][34][35][36], with a sizeable amount of proposed two-speed or more designs in the literature [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] that utilize parallel axes and planetary, belt, or transfer chain torque transfer mechanisms. Many studies have shown the matching process of the EM and TRM as a system, whether as a simplified graphical approach [52], a high-fidelity digital twin capable of initial matching to fault detection or predictive maintenance [53], or as detailed electrical-mechanical models that are paired with AI to optimize energy consumption and drivability [54].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have shown the matching process of the EM and TRM as a system, whether as a simplified graphical approach [52], a high-fidelity digital twin capable of initial matching to fault detection or predictive maintenance [53], or as detailed electrical-mechanical models that are paired with AI to optimize energy consumption and drivability [54]. Single-and multi-speed EV TRM topologies that contain one or two EMs are found in [4,31,32,42] and are emphasized again later in the paper. Novel electric traction drive units that contain two EMs and gearing that can split power between EMs, such as [55], are not discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electric Motor and Transmission Integration for Light-Duty Electric Vehicles: A 2023 Benchmarking Perspective and Component Sizing for a Fleet Approach

Robinette

2023

Vehicles

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A review of past, current, and emerging electric vehicle (EV) propulsion system technologies and their integration is the focus of this paper, namely, the matching of electric motor (EM) and transmission (TRM) to meet basic requirements and performance targets. The fundaments of EM and TRM matching from a tractive effort and a vehicle dynamics perspective are provided as an introductory context to available or near-production propulsion system products available from OEM and Tier 1 suppliers. Engineering data and details regarding EM and TRM combinations are detailed with a specific focus on volumetric and mass density. Evolutionary trends in EM and TRM technologies have been highlighted and summarized through current and emerging products. The paper includes an overview of the initial EV propulsion system’s sizing and selection for a set of simple requirements that are provided through an examination of three light-duty EV applications. An enterprise approach to developing electrified propulsion modules with suitable applicability to a range of light-duty EVs from compact cars to full-size trucks concludes the paper.

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Section: Review Of Electric Vehicle Transmissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electric Motor and Transmission Integration for Light-Duty Electric Vehicles: A 2023 Benchmarking Perspective and Component Sizing for a Fleet Approach

Robinette

2023

Vehicles

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“…In previous research it has been shown that two-speed BEV transmissions allow for a reduction of electric consumption [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] as well as for a potential downsizing of the EM [8][9][10]. Various concepts for multi-speed BEV with one EM have been presented by academia and industry (overviews are given in [11] and [12]). Such concepts allow for a fully capable vehicle with high efficiency in urban operation enabled by a high 1 st transmission ratio and the fulfilment of all further driving requirements.…”

Section: Technical University Of Darmstadtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentials to reduce the Energy Consumption of Electric Vehicles in Urban Traffic

Eßer,

Mölleney,

Rinderknecht

2022

Dritev 2022

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By means of a parameter study using a detailed backwards facing model of the longitudinal vehicle dynamics, the design of the transmission ratio in battery electric vehicles (BEV) is analyzed for different driving cycles and it is shown that the electric consumption in urban operation can be significantly reduced by up-speeding the electric machine (EM) using a high 1 st transmission ratio. But this potential currently remains unused in fixed-speed BEV due to various additional driving requirements of extra-urban driving with higher vehicle speeds. For this reason, multi-speed BEV are further investigated as a solution to the conflicting design objectives. An additional parameter study for multi-speed BEV with two transmission ratios shows further potentials for the reduction of electric consumption both in urban and extra-urban driving scenarios. Furthermore, the more complex "Two-Drive-Transmission" (TDT) concept is investigated as a multi-speed BEV powertrain with two downsized EMs instead of one highpower EM and it is compared with the other BEV variants using a comparative optimization approach. The TDT uses low-cost and energetically efficient shifting devices based on the technology of an automated manual transmission with simple dog clutches without friction surfaces, allowing shifting without interruption of traction force. Dynamic programming is applied as operational strategy for all simulations considering shifting losses to achieve a benchmarking of the potentials of fixed-speed and multi-speed BEV.

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“…Transmission, as a typical mechanical product, is an important part of automotive transmission system [1]. In the rapidly developing automobile industry, transmission directly affects driving safety and fuel economy characteristics of cars [2]. Therefore, requirements of users for its quality, safety, and performance are also increasingly high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission Defects Localization Network: Towards Wrong Assembly in the Transmission Assembly Process

2023

ACSS

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Transmission valve component is an important part of automobile manufacture. The success of the assembly of transmission valve is directly related to driving safety of vehicles. While localizing transmission assembly defects is particularly important in assembly of transmission valve component. As an image processing problem, real-time assembly images of transmission valve component are adopted to determine whether the assembly is correct or wrong. Transmission valve component in these images have small, severe reflection, and sparse properties, which increases the difficulty of detection. Therefore, this paper proposes a transmission defects localization network based on Siamese network for improving the performance of assembly of transmission valve components. In our model, we establish an image similarity evaluation network with designed multi-scale features fusion approach. Furthermore, in order to reduce intra-class spacing by similar transmission valve part samples on evaluation action, an improved binary cross entropy and focal loss function is discovered for feature re-processing. Finally, experimental results on real-world transmission assembly dataset indicate that our proposed approach outperforms other compared methods.

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Topology optimization and the evolution trends of two-speed transmission of EVs

Cited by 15 publications

References 77 publications

Electric Motor and Transmission Integration for Light-Duty Electric Vehicles: A 2023 Benchmarking Perspective and Component Sizing for a Fleet Approach

Electric Motor and Transmission Integration for Light-Duty Electric Vehicles: A 2023 Benchmarking Perspective and Component Sizing for a Fleet Approach

Potentials to reduce the Energy Consumption of Electric Vehicles in Urban Traffic

Transmission Defects Localization Network: Towards Wrong Assembly in the Transmission Assembly Process

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