Topology construction in RPL networks over beacon-enabled 802.15.4

Abstract

Abstract-In this paper, we propose a new scheme that allows coupling beacon-enabled IEEE 802.15.4 with the RPL routing protocol while keeping full compliance with both standards. We provide a means for RPL to pass the routing information to Layer 2 before the 802.15.4 topology is created by encapsulating RPL DIO messages in beacon frames. The scheme takes advantage of 802.15.4 command frames to solicit RPL DIO messages. The effect of the command frames is to reset the Trickle timer that governs sending DIO messages. We provide a detailed analysis of the overhead incurred by the proposed scheme to understand topology construction costs. We have evaluated the scheme using Contiki and the instruction-level Cooja simulator and compared our results against the most common scheme used for dissemination of the upper-layer information in beaconenabled PANs. The results show energy savings during the topology construction phase and in the steady state.

Network Formation for Industrial IoT: Evaluation, Limits and Recommendations

“…We use a similar methodology, however considering different network scenarios and only a fixed value c = 5 as RPL redundancy threshold. The limitations of a strict separation between the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC and routing protocol RPL, especially during the formation of a multi-hop wireless network, are presented in [19], [20] and [21]. In those works the advantages using a cross-layer optimization are highlighted.…”

Energy consumption and performance of IEEE 802.15.4e TSCH and DSME

“…Enhanced Beacons contain Information Elements (rather than a superframe specification) to describe various properties of the network, such as a bitmap to indicate the allocation of superframes inside the Beacon Interval. This mechanism for superframe allocation solves the problem of the multi-hop network construction in 802.15.4 beacon-enabled networks [5]. The maximum number of routing devices, including the PAN Coordinator is given by M axRouter = 2 (BO−SO) , the number of Superframes in the Beacon Interval.…”

Multiple redundancy constants with trickle

“…Due to its wide-spread use, the Trickle algorithm has been subject to many studies [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14]. Becker et al [8] develop a model to study the propagation time of new information in a network using Laplace transforms.…”

“…Other authors [10], [12], [13], [14] have studied Trickle and its performance in the specific use case of RPL and how it affects the convergence and route optimality of the DODAG building process.…”