“…The observation of abnormal grain growth has been attributed to the initial microstructure, including the distribution of the grain size, misorientation, grain boundary energy and mobility, triple junction mobility, impurities, microstrain, topological features such as curvature and number of boundary faces, etc. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) annealing experiments (both in situ and ex situ) of electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni have shown that the grain growth is driven by a few grains at the expense of the surrounding nanograins, which is consistent with abnormal grain growth.…”
“…The observation of abnormal grain growth has been attributed to the initial microstructure, including the distribution of the grain size, misorientation, grain boundary energy and mobility, triple junction mobility, impurities, microstrain, topological features such as curvature and number of boundary faces, etc. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) annealing experiments (both in situ and ex situ) of electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni have shown that the grain growth is driven by a few grains at the expense of the surrounding nanograins, which is consistent with abnormal grain growth.…”
“…10a and 10b). The results clearly indicate that for isotropic grain growth there exist a single steady state, which is perfectly characterized by the formulation proposed by Rios [66,67,69]. The greatest advantage of the level set model is that it allows simulating complex cases without the necessity of explicit handling of the topological transformations.…”
A highly efficient simulation model for 2D and 3D grain growth and recrystallization was developed based on the level-set method. The model introduces modern computational concepts to achieve excellent performance on parallel computer architectures. Strong scalability was measured on ccNUMA architectures. To achieve this, the proposed approach considers the application of local level-set functions at the grain level. Ideal and non-ideal grain growth was simulated in 3D with the objective to study the evolution of statistical representative volume elements in polycrystals. In addition, microstructure evolution in an anisotropic magnetic material affected by an external magnetic field was simulated.
“…This result for grain growth is qualitatively comparable to the findings of Glicksman [50], where they succeed in describing three dimensional grain boundary structures by average n-hedra. This constructible or non-constructible, but mathematically defined n-hedra, is used as a topological proxy of network polyhedral that contain the same number of faces [51,52]. Different grain topologies can be introduced by setting appropriate boundary conditions.…”
The kinetics of a triple junction of grain boundaries with distinct specific energies and mobilities and a finite mobility of the triple junction is investigated. The microstructure is approximated by different 2D settings consisting of typical structural elements. First, the migration of the triple point together with the adjacent grain boundaries, is simulated, assuming that the grains are infinitely large. Secondly, growth or shrinkage of finite n-sided grains is simulated by altering the boundary conditions and the results are compared to the already published analytical solution. The numerical results coincide with the corrected analytical solution. This solution can be derived either by applying the principle of maximum dissipation, or by applying the force balance at the triple junction within the framework of linear irreversible thermodynamics. The change of the area of infinite and finite grains is investigated analytically and numerically. By comparing the results of both approaches, the influence of the initial topology of the structural elements on the kinetics of grain growth can be estimated. Furthermore, the kinetics of grain growth of different idealized grain boundary networks is investigated. It is shown that square shaped grains surrounded by hexagons and dodecagons result in a more realistic grain growth scenarios than squares surrounded by octagons. A deviation from idealized grain boundary arrangements is e.g., observed, due to different triple junction mobilities, and the initially n-sided regular grain deforms in a complex manner.
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