Topography, vegetation cover and below ground biomass of spatially constrained and unconstrained foredunes in New Jersey, USA

Nordstrom, Karl F.; Liang, Bingyi; Garilao, Emir S.; Jackson, Nancy L.

doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.06.001

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The fence on the upper ramp can cut off a portion of sediment supply to the upper slope. Changes in topography at the site in the 14 months from October 2015 to December 2016 (Nordstrom et al ., in press) reveal that the zone of maximum accretion within the dune was just landward of the fence on the upper ramp (+0.5 m mean vertical change). Transport rates on the mid slope in this study (Figure ) are the lowest of the sites landward of the fence during onshore winds, indicating that this location supplies little sediment to higher elevations of the slope.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dune at Seaside Park is artificially planted periodically using A. breviligulata , but coverage of vegetation was sparse at the time of the study (Figure ). Field data gathered at this location on 5 October 2015 reveal a vegetation cover of 9.4% on the dune crest, 6.2% on the foredune slope, 4.3% on the upper ramp and 3.1% on the lower ramp (Nordstrom et al ., in press). The beach is raked infrequently during the winter.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Field data were gathered during onshore and longshore winds during a month long deployment of anemometers and sediment traps at Seaside Park in the State of New Jersey, USA. Previous field studies conducted at this site reveal annual changes in topography and vegetation (Nordstrom et al ., in press) and rates of sediment transport and topographic changes during offshore winds (Nordstrom and Jackson, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aeolian sediment transport on a recovering storm‐eroded foredune with sand fences

Jackson

Nordstrom

2018

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Studies of sediment transport on developed coasts provide perspective on how human adjustments alter natural processes. Deployment of sand‐trapping fences is a common adjustment that changes the characteristics of the dune ramp and its role in linking sediment transfers from the backshore to the foredune. Fence effects were evaluated in the field using anemometer arrays and vertical sediment traps placed across a beach and dune at Seaside Park, New Jersey, USA during onshore and longshore winds. The foredune is 18 m wide and 4.5 m above the backshore. The mean speed of onshore winds at 0.5 m elevation decreased by 17% from the berm crest to the upper ramp and 36% in the lee of a fence there. Sediment transport during mean wind speeds up to 8.0 m s−1 at 0.5 m elevation was < 0.06 kg m−1 h−1 on the berm crest and backshore where fetch distances were < 45 m and surface sediment was relatively coarse (0.74–0.85 mm) but increased to 5.63 kg m−1 h−1 on the upper ramp aided by the longer fetch distances (up to 82 m) and finer grain size of the source sediment there (0.52 mm). Sediment transport along the berm crest and backshore during longshore winds, where fetch distances were > 200 m, was up to 58.69 kg m−1 h−1, about three orders of magnitude greater than during the onshore winds. Fences can displace the toe of the ramp farther seaward than would occur under natural conditions. They can create a gentler slope and change the shape of the ramp to a more convex form. A fence on the ramp can cut off a portion of sediment supply to the upper slope. Decisions about fence placement thus should consider these morphologic changes in addition to the effects on dune volume. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aeolian sediment transport on a recovering storm‐eroded foredune with sand fences

Jackson

Nordstrom

2018

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…Beach-dune systems provide a natural defense against coastal storms. The level of protection offered by these dunes is related to their size and their ability to withstand the threat of wind and wave attack [4]. Unfortunately, in many coastal locations, the size and extent of natural dune systems have wave attack [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The level of protection offered by these dunes is related to their size and their ability to withstand the threat of wind and wave attack [4]. Unfortunately, in many coastal locations, the size and extent of natural dune systems have wave attack [4]. Unfortunately, in many coastal locations, the size and extent of natural dune systems have been reduced, as coastal infrastructure expands [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Natural and Mechanical Dune Performance in a Post-Hurricane Environment

Ellis

Román-Rivera

2019

JMSE

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The purpose of this study is to document the geomorphic evolution of a mechanical dune over approximately one year following its installation and compare it to the recovery of a natural dune following the impact of Hurricane Matthew (2016). During the study period, the dunes’ integrity was tested by wave and wind events, including king tides, and a second hurricane (Irma, 2017), at the end of the study period. Prior to the impact of the second hurricane, the volumetric increase of the mechanical and natural dune was 32% and 75%, respectively, suggesting that scraping alone is not the optimal protection method. If scraping is employed, we advocate that the dune should be augmented by planting. Ideally, the storm-impacted dune should naturally recover. Post-storm vegetation regrowth was lower around the mechanical dune, which encouraged aeolian transport and dune deflation. Hurricane Irma, an extreme forcing event, substantially impacted the dunes. The natural dune was scarped and the mechanical dune was overtopped; the system was essentially left homogeneous following the hurricane. The results from this study question the current practice of sand scraping along the South Carolina coast, which occurs post-storm, emplacement along the former primary dune line, and does not include the planting of vegetation.

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Coastal dunes with resistant cores

Nordstrom

2018

J Coast Conserv

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Topography, vegetation cover and below ground biomass of spatially constrained and unconstrained foredunes in New Jersey, USA

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

Aeolian sediment transport on a recovering storm‐eroded foredune with sand fences

Aeolian sediment transport on a recovering storm‐eroded foredune with sand fences

Assessing Natural and Mechanical Dune Performance in a Post-Hurricane Environment

Coastal dunes with resistant cores

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