Topography of Cognition: Parallel Distributed Networks in Primate Association Cortex

Goldman‐Rakic, Patricia S.

doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.11.030188.001033

Cited by 1,522 publications

(487 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…This implies that bilateral copies of the word should be more potent in generating resource sharing than either single unilateral copies or two copies in the same hemisphere (Mohr, Pulvermuller, & Zaidel, 1994;Zaidel & Rayman, 1994a). An anatomical model fitting our design has been described in anterior cortical regions of primates where pathways from primary sensory, intermediate, and higher-order association cortices converge (Goldman-Rakic, 1988). Neurons in these regions have large and bilateral receptive fields, whereas those in posterior regions have smaller and unilateral receptive fields.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemispheric Independence in Word Recognition: Evidence from Unilateral and Bilateral Presentations

1996

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemispheric Independence in Word Recognition: Evidence from Unilateral and Bilateral Presentations

1996

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“…Being confronted with a high risk condition means a discrepancy to the desired state, resulting in a conflict signal. Cingulate regions are known to mediate integration and evaluation of emotional, motivational and cognitive information, and to modulate attention (Bishop et al, 2004;Vogt, 2005) with direct connections to amygdala, thalamus, prefrontal and insular areas and to the posterior parietal lobe (Goldman-Rakic, 1988). Cingulate activity in risk tasks was associated with a higher probability of a risky choice (Christopoulos et al, 2009) and was increased when risky choices involved immediate losses (Xu et al, 2009).…”

Section: Anatomical and Functional Features Of The Brain Regions Invomentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural correlates of reward processing in schizophrenia — Relationship to apathy and depression

Simon

Biller

Walther

et al. 2010

Schizophrenia Research

207

179

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The present study employs a new framework to categorise the heterogeneous findings on the relationship between impaired reward processing and negative and affective symptoms of schizophrenia. Based on previous behavioural and neuroimaging studies we postulate that "wanting" (i.e. anticipation) of a reward is specifically related to apathy, whereas "liking" (i.e. hedonic impact) is related to anhedonia and depression-symptoms commonly observed in schizophrenia. Fifteen patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder treated with atypical antipsychotic drugs and fifteen healthy controls performed a probabilistic monetary incentive delay task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. At the group level we found no significant differences between patients and controls in neural activation during anticipation or receipt of a reward. However, in patients with schizophrenia specific relationships between ventral-striatal activation and symptoms were observed. Ventral-striatal activation during reward anticipation was negatively correlated with apathy, while activation during receipt of reward was negatively correlated with severity of depressive symptoms. These results suggest that the link between negative symptoms and reward anticipation might specifically relate to apathy, i.e. a lack of motivation and drive. Impaired hedonic reward processing might contribute to the development of depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia, but it is not directly associated with self-rated anhedonia. These results indicate the necessity of more specifically differentiating negative and affective symptoms in schizophrenia in order to understand the role of the reward system in their pathogenesis.

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“…How this neural activity is sustained is unknown but may be important to understanding the neural basis of working memory (Goldman-Rakic, 1995). Converging evidence points to the importance of a distributed recurrent neuronal network (Goldman-Rakic, 1988) and reverberating network activity has long been suggested as a possible mechanism for short-term memory (Lorente de No, 1938;Hebb, 1949;Amit, 1995;Seung, 1996;Wang, 1999).Measures with the potential to capture correlated neural activity on a millisecond time scale may be needed to resolve reverberating memory activity. The dynamical structure of neuronal activity has been the source of much interest as a temporal code (for a review see Singer and Gray (1995) ) however much of this work emphasizes stimulus-induced activity and its relation to perception (Eckhorn et al, 1988;Gray et al, 1989;Engel et al, 1990;deCharms and Merzenich, 1996;Borst and Theunissen, 1999).…”

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal structure in neuronal activity during working memory in macaque parietal cortex

et al. 2002

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A number of cortical structures are reported to have elevated single unit firing rates sustained throughout the memory period of a working memory task. How the nervous system forms and maintains these memories is unknown but reverberating neuronal network activity is thought to be important. We studied the temporal structure of single unit (SU) activity and simultaneously recorded local field potential (LFP) activity from area LIP in the inferior parietal lobe of two awake macaques during a memory-saccade task. Using multitaper techniques for spectral analysis, which play an important role in obtaining the present results, we find elevations in spectral power in a 50-90Hz (gamma) frequency band during the memory period in both SU and LFP activity. The activity is tuned to the direction of the saccade providing evidence for temporal structure that codes for movement plans during working memory. We also find SU and LFP activity are coherent during the memory period in the 50-90Hz gamma band and no consistent relation is present during simple fixation. Finally, we find organized LFP activity in a 15-25Hz frequency band that may be related to movement execution and preparatory aspects of the task. Neuronal activity could be used to control a neural prosthesis but SU activity can be hard to isolate with cortical implants. As the LFP is easier to acquire than SU activity, our finding of rich temporal structure in LFP activity related to movement planning and execution may accelerate the development of this medical application.Keywords: parietal, prosthesis, local field potential, gamma band, coherence, temporal structure.Pesaran et. al. 3Working memory is a brain system requiring the temporary storage and manipulation of information necessary for the performance of complex cognitive tasks (Baddeley, 1992). The neurophysiological basis of working memory is studied in non-human primates by recording neural activity during delayed-response tasks (Fuster, 1995). Cue-selective elevated single unit firing rates have been recorded during the delay period in many brain areas during different versions of the task (Fuster and Jervey, 1982;Bruce and Goldberg, 1985;Gnadt and Andersen, 1988;Miyashita and Chang, 1988;Funahashi et al., 1989;Koch and Fuster, 1989;Miller et al., 1996;Zhou and Fuster, 1996). How this neural activity is sustained is unknown but may be important to understanding the neural basis of working memory (Goldman-Rakic, 1995). Converging evidence points to the importance of a distributed recurrent neuronal network (Goldman-Rakic, 1988) and reverberating network activity has long been suggested as a possible mechanism for short-term memory (Lorente de No, 1938;Hebb, 1949;Amit, 1995;Seung, 1996;Wang, 1999).Measures with the potential to capture correlated neural activity on a millisecond time scale may be needed to resolve reverberating memory activity. The dynamical structure of neuronal activity has been the source of much interest as a temporal code (for a review see Singer and Gray (1995) ) however ...

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Topography of Cognition: Parallel Distributed Networks in Primate Association Cortex

Cited by 1,522 publications

References 61 publications

Hemispheric Independence in Word Recognition: Evidence from Unilateral and Bilateral Presentations

Hemispheric Independence in Word Recognition: Evidence from Unilateral and Bilateral Presentations

Neural correlates of reward processing in schizophrenia — Relationship to apathy and depression

Temporal structure in neuronal activity during working memory in macaque parietal cortex

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