Topography of as built surfaces generated in metal additive manufacturing: A multi scale analysis from form to roughness

Cabanettes, Frédéric; Joubert, Alison; Chardon, Grégory; Dumas, Virginie; Rech, Joël; Grosjean, Christophe; Dimkovski, Zlate

doi:10.1016/j.precisioneng.2018.01.002

Cited by 192 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…2 as top (normal is parallel to the build direction), side (normal is perpendicular to the build direction), upskin (normal is 45°from the build direction), and downskin (normal is 135°from the build direction). Similar shapes have been utilized in previous studies to show roughness dependence on build angle 52,53,78 . Additionally the parallelepiped prism provides an overhung surface without support material and large flat surfaces making it easy to perform electrochemical experiments.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Such features were abundant for the side, upskin, and downskin orientations, while the top orientation was generally free of them. Common for PBF metals, these features have been investigated from the cross-section perspective by others because optical, top down, analysis techniques cannot capture them 52,54 . The areas where metal is overlapping itself may lead to crevice-like corrosion environments, similar to lack of fusion porosity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The density of partly melted and adhered powder will depend on the surface's angle with respect to the build plate with larger angles and overhung surfaces often exhibiting more partially melted powder adherence 33,45,[47][48][49] . This leads to a difference in roughness and tortuosity with respect to build orientation/surface build angle as well as processing parameters [50][51][52][53][54][55][56] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies address how best to quantify these powderbased AM part's rough surfaces, unique when compared to conventional materials surface finishes with many undercut, sharp, and overhung features 47,52 . The study by Cabanettes et al investigated as-printed surfaces with common metrology tools, such as the stylus contact and optical profilometry methods 52 . The stylus technique was decidedly insufficient for characterizing the roughness of as-printed surfaces because of data lost to stylus artifacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

How build angle and post-processing impact roughness and corrosion of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Additively manufactured austenitic stainless steels exhibit numerous microstructural and morphological differences compared to their wrought counterparts that will influence the metals corrosion resistance. The characteristic as-printed surface roughness of powder bed fusion (PBF) stainless steel parts is one of these morphological differences that increases the parts susceptibility to localized corrosion. This study experimentally determines the average surface roughness and breakdown potential (E b) for PBF 316L in 6 surface finished states: as-printed, ground with SiC paper, tumble polished in abrasive media, electro-polished, chemically passivated, and the application of a contour/re-melt scan strategy. In general, a smaller average surface roughness led to a larger E b. The smoothest surface treatments, ground and electro-polished conditions, led to E b near the materials limit (~+1.0 V Ag/AgCl) while all other surface treatments exhibited significantly lower E b (~+0.3 V Ag/AgCl) The build angle was also shown to impact surface roughness, where surfaces at high angles from the build direction resulted in larger roughness values, hence lower E b .

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

How build angle and post-processing impact roughness and corrosion of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To explain the generation of layer-wise roughness and porosity in PBF, it is necessary to understand the behaviour of the moving melt pool [17,25,43,64,72,73]. As the laser beam interacts with the powder bed, a pool of molten Ti-6Al-4V is formed, and as the laser beam scans across the bed, the melt pool cools to form a weld track.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the effects of PBF process parameter interplay on Ti-6Al-4V surface properties

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ti-6Al-4V is commonly used in orthopaedic implants, and fabrication techniques such as Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) are becoming increasingly popular for the net-shape production of such implants, as PBF allows for complex customisation and minimal material wastage. Present research into PBF fabricated Ti-6Al-4V focuses on new design strategies (e.g. designing pores, struts or lattices) or mechanical property optimisation through process parameter control–however, it is pertinent to examine the effects of altering PBF process parameters on properties relating to bioactivity. Herein, changes in Ti-6Al-4V microstructure, mechanical properties and surface characteristics were examined as a result of varying PBF process parameters, with a view to understanding how to tune Ti-6Al-4V bio-activity during the fabrication stage itself. The interplay between various PBF laser scan speeds and laser powers influenced Ti-6Al-4V hardness, porosity, roughness and corrosion resistance, in a manner not clearly described by the commonly used volumetric energy density (VED) design variable. Key findings indicate that the relationships between PBF process parameters and ultimate Ti-6Al-4V properties are not straightforward as expected, and that wide ranges of porosity (0.03 ± 0.01% to 32.59 ± 2.72%) and corrosion resistance can be achieved through relatively minor changes in process parameters used–indicating volumetric energy density is a poor predictor of PBF Ti-6Al-4V properties. While variations in electrochemical behaviour with respect to the process parameters used in the PBF fabrication of Ti-6Al-4V have previously been reported, this study presents data regarding important surface characteristics over a large process window, reflecting the full capabilities of current PBF machinery.

show abstract

The Electropolishing of Additively Manufactured Parts in Titanium: State of the Art

Acquesta

Monetta

2021

Adv Eng Mater

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recently, additive manufacturing technologies have begun to play a significant role in the industrial field due to the possibility to build complex, near‐net‐shape, and porous parts, optimizing costs, and time processing. Simultaneously, the high roughness of additively manufactured parts remains a critical drawback, limiting their use like an as‐built component. Therefore, postprocessing treatments are needed. The electropolishing (EP) treatment could be ideal for simple, complex, or porous parts characterized by low surface quality. Herein, it is aimed to provide the state of the EP treatment's art carried out, to date, on additively manufactured parts made of titanium and Ti6Al4V alloy. A scientific literature research on EP of additively manufactured titanium and Ti6Al4V alloy is conducted using the Scopus database. The evaluation of recent research, still very few to date, reveals that a significant reduction of the roughness can also be achieved in complex shape additively manufactured parts. Although the EP is a versatile technique to reduce the roughness of additively manufactured parts, further studies are needed to improve its effectiveness, especially for complex and porous structures, to reduce the environmental impact of the materials used.

show abstract

Topography of as built surfaces generated in metal additive manufacturing: A multi scale analysis from form to roughness

Cited by 192 publications

References 27 publications

How build angle and post-processing impact roughness and corrosion of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel

How build angle and post-processing impact roughness and corrosion of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel

Understanding the effects of PBF process parameter interplay on Ti-6Al-4V surface properties

The Electropolishing of Additively Manufactured Parts in Titanium: State of the Art

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About