Topography and Response Timing of Intact Cerebellum Stained With Absorbance Voltage-Sensitive Dye

Brown, Michael E.; Ariel, Michael

doi:10.1152/jn.90766.2008

Cited by 17 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, the midline, in which developmental PC death is most prominent, is a strict separating line for climbing fibers [68]. Midline crossing by developing granule cells and/or their axons is also regulated by local netrin-1 expression in the cerebellar cortical midline [69,70], though the cerebellar midline appears to be a much less categorical separating line for granule cells [71,72] than for climbing fibers. In any case, we note that we have no indication that PC demise about the midline appreciably affects the generation, migration and maturation of granule cells.…”

Section: Purkinje Cell Death Is Spatially Concentrated In Parasagittamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Death as a Regulator of Cerebellar Histogenesis and Compartmentation

et al. 2010

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Programmed cell death is essential for the homeostasis of tissues and organs. During the development of the central nervous system, programmed cell death is highly regulated and restricted to distinct developmental time points of histogenesis. In this review, we will summarize recent data on the temporal and spatial distribution of programmed Purkinje cell death within the cerebellar cortex. We point out that programmed cell death within distinct regions of the developing cerebellar cortex differs by type and its cellular consequences. We submit the concept that local Purkinje cell death is important for late compartmentation of the cerebellar cortex and its wiring. To support this hypothesis, we provide new data obtained from a cerebellar mutant with prolonged expression of Engrailed-2 specifically in cerebellar Purkinje cells which shows increased local physiological cell death and concomitant changes in the pattern of afferent innervation.

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Section: Purkinje Cell Death Is Spatially Concentrated In Parasagittamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Death as a Regulator of Cerebellar Histogenesis and Compartmentation

et al. 2010

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“…The entire cerebellar cortex was reconstructed from tangential shape of calbindin-immunoreactive (calcium-binding protein immunoreactive; CaBP-IR) cells and their distribution across the cerebellum. These experiments complement optical recordings of voltage-sensitive activity that demonstrate regionally specific responses within the turtle Cb [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…The uniformity is a useful finding since it simplifies interpretation of optical recordings of the turtle Cb [10]. The number of PCs from hatchling to adult turtle Cb increased slightly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Topography of Purkinje Cells and Other Calbindin-Immunoreactive Cells Within Adult and Hatchling Turtle Cerebellum

2009

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The turtle's cerebellum (Cb) is an unfoliated sheet, so the topography of its entire cortex can be easily studied physiologically by optical recordings. However, unlike the mammalian Cb, little is known about the topography of turtle Purkinje cells (PCs). Here, topography was examined using calbindin-D(28K) immunohistochemistry of adult and hatchling turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans, 2.5-15 cm carapace length). Each Cb was flattened between two Sylgard sheets and fixed in paraformaldehyde. Sections (52 microm thick) were cut parallel to the flattened cortex (tangential), resulting in calbindin-immunolabeled PCs being localized to three to six sections for each turtle. PC position and size were quantified using Neurolucida Image Analysis system. Although hatchling Cb were medial-laterally narrower (3.0 vs. 6.5 mm) and rostral-caudally shorter (2.5 vs. 5.5 mm) than adult Cb, both averaged near 15,000 PCs distributed uniformly. Hatchling PCs were smaller than adult PCs (178 vs. 551 microm(2)) and more densely packed (2,180 vs. 625 cells/mm(2)). Calbindin immunoreactivity also labeled non-PCs along the Cb's marginal rim and its caudal pole. Many of these were very small (22.9 microm(2)) ovoid-shaped cells clustered together, possibly proliferating external granule layer cells. Other labeled cells were larger and fusiform-shaped (12.6 x 33.4 microm) adjacent to inner granule cells along the marginal rim, suggestive of migrating cells. It is not known whether these are new neurons being generated within the adult and hatchling Cb and if they connect to efferent and afferent paths. Based on these anatomical findings, we suggest that unique physiological features may exist along the rim of the turtle Cb.

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“…While Purkinje cells do respond along parallel-fiber-activated beams in response to direct electrical stimulation of the molecular layer (Eccles et al 1966;Gao et al 2006;Wang et al 2011), when the cerebellum is activated from the sensory periphery, responding Purkinje cells are not found in beams, but instead are clustered in isolated patches (Bower and Woolston 1983;Dizon and Khodakhah 2011;Eccles et al 1972b;Gao et al 2006). When the locations of those responding Purkinje cell layer patches are determined carefully, they are consistently found to overlie activated regions of the granule cell layer (Bower and Woolston 1983;Brown and Ariel 2009;Cohen and Yarom 1998;De Jaeger and Proteau 2003;Dizon and Khodakhah 2011;Kolb et al 1997;Lu et al 2005;Rokni et al 2007). This relationship is shown diagrammatically in Fig.…”

Section: What Do Parallel Fibers Do To Purkinje Cells?mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…While it seems reasonable to assume that an excitatory input as massive as that of the parallel fibers would directly drive somatic spiking, the experimental fact is that there is little experimental evidence that they do (Bell and Grimm 1969;Bower and Woolston 1983;Brown and Ariel 2009;Chu et al 2011a, b;Cohen and Yarom 1998;De Jaeger and Proteau 2003;de Solages et al 2008;Dizon and Khodakhah 2011;Eccles et al 1972b;Heck et al 2007;Holtzman et al 2006;Kolb et al 1997;Rokni et al 2007). While Purkinje cells do respond along parallel-fiber-activated beams in response to direct electrical stimulation of the molecular layer (Eccles et al 1966;Gao et al 2006;Wang et al 2011), when the cerebellum is activated from the sensory periphery, responding Purkinje cells are not found in beams, but instead are clustered in isolated patches (Bower and Woolston 1983;Dizon and Khodakhah 2011;Eccles et al 1972b;Gao et al 2006).…”

Section: What Do Parallel Fibers Do To Purkinje Cells?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Structure of the Cerebellar Molecular Layer

Bower¹

2013

Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders

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Theories regarding the computational structure of the cerebellar molecular layer have been more strongly influenced by biological data than is the case for many and perhaps even most other vertebrate brain regions. Yet, or perhaps for this reason, the computational significance of this circuitry remains a very active subject of discussion and debate, with even basic assumptions regarding the physiological organization of this circuit now being questioned. Specifically, while most current models of molecular layer circuitry assume that parallel fiber excitatory synaptic input directly drives Purkinje cells to fire, there is growing experimental evidence that this might not be the case. Recent model-based efforts to better understand the functional role of the parallel fiber system suggest that molecular layer inhibition may play a larger and more complex physiological role than previously realized. In turn, this reanalysis of the role of inhibition in cerebellar cortical circuitry suggests that the cerebellar molecular layer may implement a sensory-related contextual algorithm, rather than either a timing or associative learning function previously assumed to provide the basis for a cerebellar involvement in motor coordination.

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Topography and Response Timing of Intact Cerebellum Stained With Absorbance Voltage-Sensitive Dye

Abstract: Brown ME, Ariel M. Topography and response timing of intact cerebellum stained with absorbance voltage-sensitive dye.

Cited by 17 publications

References 78 publications

Cell Death as a Regulator of Cerebellar Histogenesis and Compartmentation

Cell Death as a Regulator of Cerebellar Histogenesis and Compartmentation

Topography of Purkinje Cells and Other Calbindin-Immunoreactive Cells Within Adult and Hatchling Turtle Cerebellum

Computational Structure of the Cerebellar Molecular Layer

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