Topographical relations between the Gantzer’s muscle and neurovascular structures

Yang, Kiwook; Jung, Soo‐Jung; Lee, Hyunsu; Choi, In‐Jang; Lee, Jae-Ho

doi:10.1007/s00276-016-1803-x

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The presence of additional muscles may be originated form the incomplete cleavage of the forearm flexor muscles during development as the deep layer of the flexor muscle mass gives rise to the FDS, FDP and FPL [1]. Based on the embryological implications of the GM, we recently examined the topology of the GM and its adjunct neurovascular structures and found that the diverging point of ulnar artery was more distal in the presence of the GM [13]. In addition to its effect on arterial variation, the effect of the GM on neurovascular structures should be studied by larger cases of cadavers further.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double Gantzer's Muscles by Four Muscle Bellies and Its Clinical Significance: A Case Report

Lee

2017

Korean J Phys Anthropol

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: The Gantzer's muscle (GM) is an additional muscle in the forearm as the accessory head of the flexor pollicis longus (FPL) and accessory head of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP). We reported a rare case of double GM formed by four muscle bellies. From the dorsal part of flexor digitorum superficialis, small four bellies formed two muscles merging to FDP and FPL, as GMs. These accessory heads of FDP and FPL crossed the ulnar artery and the median nerve, respectively. These additional muscles in the forearm flexor compartment are rare and its clinical and embryological significances should be considered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double Gantzer's Muscles by Four Muscle Bellies and Its Clinical Significance: A Case Report

Lee

2017

Korean J Phys Anthropol

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“…The incidence of the accessory head of the flexor pollicis longus muscle has been reported to be about 48.39% (120/248) and that of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle has been reported to be 15.73% (39/248). Although the prevalence of the Gantzer's muscle varies by races, it is persistently found in about 57.24% (83/145) of Koreans: 66.7% (48/72) of an accessory head of flexor pollicis longus muscle [19] and 47.95% (35/73) of an accessory head of flexor pollicis longus and/or the flexor digitorum profundus muscles [28]. The accessory head of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle has been observed to arise from the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, medial epicondyle and the coronoid process of ulna, and inserted onto the flexor digitorum profundus muscle at the level of the wrist [6,10,21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coexistence of a pectoralis quartus muscle, a supernumerary head of biceps brachii muscle and an accessory head of flexor digitorum profundus muscle

Song

Kim

2015

Folia Morphol

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Although anatomical variations in the upper limb are frequent, coexistence of multiple combined variations is rare. During a routine educational dissection at Jeju National University Medical School, three muscular variations were found in a 75-year-old Korean male cadaver, in which a supraclavicular cephalic vein was also found in ipsilateral upper extremity during skinning (Go et al., 2017). Here we describe characteristics of the pectoralis quartus muscle, the supernumerary head of biceps brachii muscle and an accessory head of flexor digitorum profundus muscle, and discuss their coexistence from morphological and embryological points of view.

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“…Literature reveals a variable incidence of the presence of Gantzer muscle, which is considered as the accessory head of ‘flexor pollicis longus’ (FPL) or flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) [ 6 , 7 ]. Gantzer muscle is considered as one of the vulnerable compression points for AIN [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Locating the anterior interosseous nerve in relation to the surgically relevant landmarks of the forearm: A cadaveric study

Ankolekar

Hosapatna

D’Souza

2021

Annals of Medicine and Surgery

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Background This study emphasizes locating the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) related to its level of origin, number, and lengths of its muscular branches and relation to surgically important landmarks such as the bi-epicondylar line, pronator teres, and Gantzer muscles. Methods The study was undertaken at a private Medical school in south India during 2019–20. The level of origin of AIN was measured from the bi-epicondylar line and its length was measured up to the upper border of the pronator quadratus using 44 cadaveric upper limbs. The number of branches given to flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) and flexor pollicis longus (FPL) was quantified and their lengths were measured. Results The nerve originated at a mean distance of 41.56 mm from the bi-epicondylar line. In 12 upper limbs, FDP received two branches and in two limbs, it received three branches. In 13 upper limbs, FPL received two branches from AIN. It was observed that the muscular branches for FDP were shorter than those for FPL. Gantzer muscle was observed in 18 (40%) specimens and was found superficial to the nerve. Conclusion The muscular branches of AIN had a variable pattern of innervation. Multiple muscular branches to the FPL and FDP were observed in the upper 2/3rds of the forearm. These branches to FPL and FDP would aid as a source of nerve grafting and nerve transfer in the cases of upper extremity nerve palsies.

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Topographical relations between the Gantzer’s muscle and neurovascular structures

Abstract: This study suggested that the GM has a topographical relation with the arterial structures, perhaps for embryological reasons.

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Double Gantzer's Muscles by Four Muscle Bellies and Its Clinical Significance: A Case Report

Double Gantzer's Muscles by Four Muscle Bellies and Its Clinical Significance: A Case Report

Coexistence of a pectoralis quartus muscle, a supernumerary head of biceps brachii muscle and an accessory head of flexor digitorum profundus muscle

Locating the anterior interosseous nerve in relation to the surgically relevant landmarks of the forearm: A cadaveric study

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