Topographical and quantitative distribution of the projecting neurons to main divisions of the septal area

Haghdoost-Yazdi, Hashem; Pasbakhsh, Parichehr; Vatanparast, Jafar; Rajaei, Farzad; Behzadi, Gila

doi:10.1179/174313208x353712

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…No collaterals were observed either in the medial thalamus or in the habenular complex from any accumbal region (Nauta et al,1978), consistent with posterior studies using more sensitive tracers (Heimer et al,1991; Usuda et al,1998). Scant projections to the lateral septum obtained only after injections in the medialmost AcbSh (Heimer et al,1991) were not observed either, consistent with other anterograde or retrograde labeling studies (Swanson and Cowan,1979; Risold and Swanson,1997; Usuda et al,1998; Haghdoost‐Yazdi et al,2009). Minor projections to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) have been reported from the dorsomedial AcbSh (Heimer et al,1991; Usuda et al,1998), which may have been missed in our single dorsomedial AcbSh injection that spared most of the dorsomedial cone; however, a retrograde labeling study injecting in BST did not find any labeled neurons in the ventral striatum (Weller and Smith,1982).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Axonal branching patterns of nucleus accumbens neurons in the rat

Tripathi

Prensa

Cebrián

et al. 2010

J of Comparative Neurology

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The patterns of axonal collateralization of nucleus accumbens (Acb) projection neurons were investigated in the rat by means of single-axon tracing techniques using the anterograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine. Seventy-three axons were fully traced, originating from either the core (AcbC) or shell (AcbSh) compartment, as assessed by differential calbindin D28k-immunoreactivity. Axons from AcbC and AcbSh showed a substantial segregation in their targets; target areas were either exclusively or preferentially innervated from AcbC or AcbSh. Axon collaterals in the subthalamic nucleus were found at higher than expected frequencies; moreover, these originated exclusively in the dorsal AcbC. Intercompartmental collaterals were observed from ventral AcbC axons into AcbSh, and likewise, interconnections at pallidal and mesencephalic levels were also observed, although mostly from AcbC axons toward AcbSh targets, possibly supporting crosstalk between the two subcircuits at several levels. Cell somata giving rise to short-range accumbal axons, projecting to the ventral pallidum (VP), were spatially intermingled with others, giving rise to long-range axons that innervated VP and more caudal targets. This anatomical organization parallels that of the dorsal striatum and provides the basis for possible dual direct and indirect actions from a single axon on either individual or small sets of neurons.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Axonal branching patterns of nucleus accumbens neurons in the rat

Tripathi

Prensa

Cebrián

et al. 2010

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…The fast AHP probably minimizes the refractory period by promoting Na + channel de-inactivation and limiting the activation of slow voltage-gated K + currents. Moreover, in Drosophila MNs (present study) and in cerebellar Purkinje neurones (Haghdoost-Yazdi et al 2008), BK current is required for spike shape and spike frequency control only in bursting mode but not during tonic firing. Here, BK channel properties appear to be tuned so that (i) full activation occurs only during strong and prolonged depolarizations with coincident Ca 2+ influx such as in burst mode; (ii) activation is sufficiently fast to occur within the duration of a single Na + spike within bursts; and (iii) inactivation is sufficiently fast so that BK outward current does not oppose the next spike of the burst.…”

Section: Cf Keeps Mn Postsynaptic Depolarizations In Response To Cpmentioning

confidence: 65%

Transient BK outward current enhances motoneurone firing rates during Drosophila larval locomotion

Kadas

Ryglewski

Duch

2015

The Journal of Physiology

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Key pointsr We combine in situ electrophysiology with genetic manipulation in Drosophila larvae aiming to investigate the role of fast calcium-activated potassium currents for motoneurone firing patterns during locomotion.r We first demonstrate that slowpoke channels underlie fast calcium-activated potassium currents in these motoneurones.r By conducting recordings in semi-intact animals that produce crawling-like movements, we show that slowpoke channels are required specifically in motoneurones for maximum firing rates during locomotion.r Such enhancement of maximum firing rates occurs because slowpoke channels prevent depolarization block by limiting the amplitude of motoneurone depolarization in response to synaptic drive. In addition, slowpoke channels mediate a fast afterhyperpolarization that ensures the efficient recovery of sodium channels from inactivation during high frequency firing.r The results of the present study provide new insights into the mechanisms by which outward conductances facilitate neuronal excitability and also provide direct confirmation of the functional relevance of precisely regulated slowpoke channel properties in motor control.Abstract A large number of voltage-gated ion channels, their interactions with accessory subunits, and their post-transcriptional modifications generate an immense functional diversity of neurones. Therefore, a key challenge is to understand the genetic basis and precise function of specific ionic conductances for neuronal firing properties in the context of behaviour. The present study identifies slowpoke (slo) as exclusively mediating fast activating, fast inactivating BK current (I CF ) in larval Drosophila crawling motoneurones. Combining in vivo patch clamp recordings during larval crawling with pharmacology and targeted genetic manipulations reveals that I CF acts specifically in motoneurones to sculpt their firing patterns in response to a given input from the central pattern generating (CPG) networks. First, I CF curtails motoneurone postsynaptic depolarizations during rhythmical CPG drive. Second, I CF is activated during the rising phase of the action potential and mediates a fast afterhyperpolarization. Consequently, I CF is required for maximal intraburst firing rates during locomotion, probably by allowing recovery from inactivation of fast sodium channels and decreased potassium channel activation. This contrasts the common view that outward conductances oppose excitability but is in accordance with reports on transient BK and Kv3 channel function in multiple types of vertebrate neurones. Therefore, our finding that I CF enhances firing rates specifically during bursting patterns relevant to behaviour is probably of relevance to all brains.

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“…There is considerable overlap in noradrenergic innervation to the brain regions that were studied here. The MPA appears to receive noradrenergic innervations from the A2 and A6 noradrenergic nuclei [44], while the DBB receives innervation from A6 [45] and the OVLT from A1 [46]. The PVN receives noradrenergic input from the A1 and A2 regions [47], the BNST from A1 [46] and the CeA from A2 region [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukin-1 beta simultaneously affects the stress and reproductive axes by modulating norepinephrine levels in different brain areas

Sirivelu

MohanKumar

2012

Life Sciences

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AIMS Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a cytokine that is known to activate the stress axis and suppress the reproductive axis. Different brain areas are involved in the regulation of these two axes. However, they are both under the stimulatory control of the catecholamine, norepinephrine (NE). Here, we hypothesized that IL-1β differentially affects these two axes by modulating NE levels in specific brain regions. METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley rats in proestrus were injected intraperitoneally with either PBS-1.0% BSA (control) or 5 µg of IL-1β at 1 pm. Groups of rats were sacrificed at 1, 3, and 5 pm and their brains were collected. Brain areas associated with reproduction as well as areas associated with stress axis activity were isolated and analyzed for NE concentrations using HPLC-EC. Trunk blood was analyzed for IL-1β, corticosterone and luteinizing hormone levels. KEY FINDINGS As a general trend, treatment with IL-1β significantly decreased NE levels (p<0.05) in the areas controlling reproductive functions when compared to the control group. In contrast, NE levels increased significantly (p<0.05) in the stress associated areas. LH levels were markedly decreased with IL-1β treatment while corticosterone levels increased dramatically. SIGNIFICANCE The ability of IL-1β to produce differential effects on the stress and reproductive axis could be explained by modulation of NE levels in specific brain areas that are associated with these functions. This differential regulation of NE may be an adaptive phenomenon in response to a systemic immune challenge.

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Topographical and quantitative distribution of the projecting neurons to main divisions of the septal area

Cited by 19 publications

References 27 publications

Axonal branching patterns of nucleus accumbens neurons in the rat

Axonal branching patterns of nucleus accumbens neurons in the rat

Transient BK outward current enhances motoneurone firing rates during Drosophila larval locomotion

Interleukin-1 beta simultaneously affects the stress and reproductive axes by modulating norepinephrine levels in different brain areas

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