Topographic representation in human intraparietal sulcus of reaching and saccade

Kawashima, Ryuta; Naitoh, Eichi; Matsumura, Michikazu; Itoh, Hiroshi; Ono, Satoshi; Satoh, Kazunori; Gotoh, Raira; Koyama, Masamichi; Inoue, Kentaro; Yoshioka, Seiro; Fukuda, Hiroshi

doi:10.1097/00001756-199605170-00006

Cited by 68 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…Essentially every fMRI study conducted to date has reported either areas showing a saccade preference (Simon et al, 2002;Medendorp et al, 2005) or areas showing a pointing preference (Connolly et al, 2000;Astafiev et al, 2003;Connolly et al, 2003) but not a dissociation between two distinct networks with one selective for saccades and the other for reaching (although in some cases this may have been because establishing such a segregation was not the main goal of the paper and in others because the authors only looked for stronger activation for one effector). One positron emission tomography study reported an anatomical segregation for reaching and saccades (Kawashima et al, 1996), but the Talairach coordinates of the reach-related region (30, Ϫ35, 50) place it in a more anterior area, in the vicinity of primary somatosensory cortex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several existing imaging studies have taken advantage of this property in an effort to identify the human homologs of LIP and PRR by searching for task-specific or effector-specific areas in regions such as the intraparietal sulcus (IPS). However, the results of these studies have been hard to interpret with regard to the prevailing view that effector-specific modules populate the PPC (for review, see Grefkes and Fink, 2005;Culham and Valyear, 2006) (for examples, see Kawashima et al, 1996;Connolly et al, 2000;Simon et al, 2002;Astafiev et al, 2003;Connolly et al, 2003;Medendorp et al, 2003Medendorp et al, , 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Specificity of Human Cortical Areas for Reaches and Saccades

Levy¹,

Schluppeck²,

Heeger³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

131

123

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Electrophysiological studies in monkeys have identified effector-related regions in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC). The lateral intraparietal area, for example, responds preferentially for saccades, whereas the parietal reach region responds preferentially for arm movements. However, the degree of effector selectivity actually observed is limited; each area contains neurons selective for the nonpreferred effector, and many neurons in both areas respond for both effectors. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess the degree of effector preference at the population level, focusing on topographically organized regions in the human PPC [visual area V7, intraparietal sulcus 1 (IPS1), and IPS2]. An event-related design adapted from monkey experiments was used. In each trial, an effector cue preceded the appearance of a spatial target, after which a Go signal instructed subjects to produce the specified movement with the specified effector. Our results show that the degree of effector specificity is limited in many cortical areas and transitions gradually from saccade to reach preference as one moves through the hierarchy of areas in the occipital, parietal, and frontal cortices. Saccade preference was observed in visual cortex, including early areas and V7. IPS1 exhibited balanced activation to saccades and reaches, whereas IPS2 showed a weak but significant preference for reaches. In frontal cortex, areas near the central sulcus showed a clear and absolute preference for reaches, whereas the frontal eye field showed little or no effector selectivity. Although these results contradict many theoretical conclusions about effector specificity, they are compatible with the complex picture arising from electrophysiological studies and also with previous imaging studies that reported mostly overlapping saccade-and arm-related activation. The results are also compatible with theories of efficient coding in cortex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specificity of Human Cortical Areas for Reaches and Saccades

Levy¹,

Schluppeck²,

Heeger³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

131

123

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…visuospatial tasks, including eye movement (Kawashima et al, 1996), displacement of visual attention (Corbetta et al, 1998(Corbetta et al, , 2000, spatial working memory (Diwadkar et al, 2000;Postle et al, 2000;Thomas et al, 1999), mental imagery (Mellet et al, 1996), mental rotation of three-dimensional objects or body parts (Carpenter et al, 1999;Kosslyn et al, 1998;Richter et al, 2000), and mental navigation on an internal map (Ghaem et al, 1997). The mental rotation task, in particular, bears some similarity with the present number comparison task in that both are thought to require internal manipulations of a nonsymbolic analogical representation on a continuum.…”

Section: Semantic Number Representationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Modulation of Parietal Activation by Semantic Distance in a Number Comparison Task

et al. 2001

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The time to compare two numbers shows additive effects of number notation and of semantic distance, suggesting that the comparison task can be decomposed into distinct stages of identification and semantic processing. Using event-related fMRI and high-density ERPs, we isolated cerebral areas where activation was influenced by input notation (verbal or Arabic notation). The bilateral extrastriate cortices and a left precentral region were more activated during verbal than during Arabic stimulation, while the right fusiform gyrus and a set of bilateral inferoparietal and frontal regions were more activated during Arabic than during verbal stimulation. We also identified areas that were influenced solely by the semantic content of the stimuli (numerical distance between numbers to be compared) independent of the input notation. Activation tightly correlated with numerical distance was observed mainly in a group of parietal areas distributed bilaterally along the intraparietal sulci and in the precuneus, as well as in the left middle temporal gyrus and posterior cingulate. Our results support the assumption of a central semantic representation of numerical quantity that relies on a common parietal network shared among notations.

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“…The present results demonstrate complementary specializations in LIP and AIP for visual attention and visuomotor intention. The complementary specializa- tions of LIP and AIP may underlie their activation in overt eye and hand movement tasks, respectively (Kawashima et al, 1996, De Souza et al, 2000.…”

Section: Visual Attention and Visuomotor Intentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention systems and the organization of the human parietal cortex

Rushworth¹,

Paus²,

Sipilä³

2001

NeuroImage

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Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to compare activity in the human parietal cortex in two attention-switching paradigms. On each trial of the visual switching (VS) paradigm, subjects attended to one of two visual stimuli on the basis of either their color or shape. Trials were presented in blocks interleaved with cues instructing subjects to either continue attending to the currently relevant dimension or to switch to the other stimulus dimension. In the response switching (RS) paradigm, subjects made one of two manual responses to the single stimulus presented on each trial. The rules for stimulus-response mapping were reversed on different trials. Trials were presented in blocks interleaved with cues that instructed subjects to either switch stimulus-response mapping rules or to continue with the current rule. Brain activity at "switch" and "stay" events was compared. The results revealed distinct parietal areas concerned with visual attentional set shifts (VS) and visuomotor intentional set shifts (RS). In VS, activity was recorded in the lateral part of the intraparietal region. In RS, activity was recorded in the posterior medial intraparietal region and adjacent posterior superior and dorsomedial parietal cortex. The results also suggest that the basic functional organization of the intraparietal sulcus and surrounding regions is similar in both macaque and human species. Key words: LIP; MIP; PE; conditional motor selection; intraparietal sulcus; set-switchingThere is no definite consensus on the correspondence between monkey and human parietal cortex. Brodmann (1909) argued that, in the monkey, the superior parietal lobule (SPL) and inferior parietal lobule (IPL) consist principally of areas 5 and 7, respectively. In the human, however, he suggested that both areas 5 and 7 are in the SPL, whereas new areas 39 and 40 are found in the IPL. Other anatomists, however, have identified a correspondence between the cytoarchitecture of the human and macaque IPL and the human and macaque SPL (Von Bonin and Bailey, 1947;Eidelburg and Galaburda, 1984). According to this view, the IPL and SPL are organized similarly in both species, and the intraparietal sulcus divides the parietal cortex similarly in both species.Functional imaging has not resolved this debate. Such studies suggest that visuospatial attention is correlated with posterior parietal activity in human subjects, but different studies locate the critical region in the SPL or IPL, and some even suggest that an extensive region including both lobules is associated with visuospatial attention (Corbetta et al., 1993(Corbetta et al., , 1995Nobre et al., 1997;Coull and Nobre, 1998;Corbetta and Shulman, 1999;Gitelman et al., 1999). It is therefore not clear if the human parietal cortex has a similar or dissimilar functional organization to that of the macaque, in which visuospatial attention and oculomotor control depend on the posterior IPL and adjacent lateral intraparietal sulcus Colby and Goldberg, 1999).In studies of visual attent...

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Topographic representation in human intraparietal sulcus of reaching and saccade

Cited by 68 publications

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Specificity of Human Cortical Areas for Reaches and Saccades

Specificity of Human Cortical Areas for Reaches and Saccades

Modulation of Parietal Activation by Semantic Distance in a Number Comparison Task

Attention systems and the organization of the human parietal cortex

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