Topical transduction of superoxide dismutase mediated by HIV-1 Tat protein transduction domain ameliorates 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation in mice

Recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide attenuates LPS-induced cellular injury in human fetal lung fibroblasts via inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB pathway activation

“…Certain studies have indicated that members of the MAPK signaling pathway, including ERK, p38 MAPK and JNK, are important in signal transduction pathways activated by stimuli and mediate a number of physiological and pathological changes in cell function (29). The MAPK pathway is also the signal cascade pathway of pro-inflammatory molecules and regulates the inflammatory response through NF-κB activation (30,31).…”

Suppression of TNF-alpha-induced MMP-9 expression by a cell-permeable superoxide dismutase in keratinocytes

“…A cell-permeable Tat-SOD was previously shown to efficiently enter cells and tissues, exerting its protective effect against oxidative stress (16)(17)(18). To assess the amount of SOD fusion proteins taken up into the cells, SOD fusion proteins at concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 2 μM were added to the culture medium of HaCaT cells for 1 h, after which cell lysates were prepared and analyzed by Western blotting.…”

“…The immortalized human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT, was maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 U/ml of penicillin G, and 100 μg/ml of streptomycin at 37 o C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2 and 95% air, as previously described (18).…”

“…14,15). Previous studies demonstrated that Tat-SOD is capable of inhibiting ROS generation in various types of cells under oxidative stress (16)(17)(18). Recently, it was demonstrated that a cell-permeable catalase attenuates TNF-α-induced production of cytokines such as IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-α itself in primary human keratinocytes (11).…”

Enhancement of HIV-1 Tat fusion protein transduction efficiency by bog blueberry anthocyanins

“…Protein transduction technology based on small domains called protein transduction domains (PTDs) and cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) has been used to deliver exogenous protein into cultured cells and animal models (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). Many research groups have demonstrated the efficacy of protein transduction technology for protein therapy strategies as well as drug delivery, although the exact mechanism of transduction remains unclear (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Although various proteins have been developed for protein therapy, protein transduction technology has several limitations such as transduction efficiency.…”