Topical review of the relationship between contact lens wear and meibomian gland dysfunction

Ifrah, Reut; Quevedo, Lluı̈sa; Gantz, Liat

doi:10.1016/j.optom.2022.03.004

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the association between MGD and CL wear is still controversial [ 7 , 9 , 12 , 18 , 27 , 45 , 46 ], and while some studies have found morphological and functional alterations in meibomian glands in CL wearers [ 7 , 9 , 14 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 25 , 47 ], others have not found an association between CL wear and meibomian gland alterations [ 1 , 3 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 45 ]. The inconclusive association between CL wear and the meibomian glands supports the need for further studies that assess meibomian glands in CL wearers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Soft Contact Lens Wear on The Tear Film and Meibomian Gland Drop-Out and Visibility

García‐Marqués

Talens‐Estarelles

García‐Lázaro

et al. 2022

Life

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As contact lens (CL) wear affects the ocular surface, this cross-sectional study aims to assess the effects of soft CL wear and its duration on the tear film and meibomian gland (MG) drop-out and visibility. Thirty non-CL wearers (22.5 ± 2.3 years) and twenty-four soft CL wearers (23.8 ± 2.2 years) participated in this study. The Keratograph 5M was used to assess the ocular surface. CL users were surveyed on years of CL wear and hours per week. MG visibility was assessed using a previously developed method based on analysing pixel intensity of meibographies. The CL group showed higher gland drop-out (p < 0.001) and lower gland visibility (p < 0.022). Gland drop-out was independently associated with CL wear (p = 0.006). When gland drop-out was excluded, the relative energy of pixel intensity values showed an independent association with CL wear (p = 0.005). Prolonged hours of CL wear were associated with higher dry eye symptoms and entropy of MGs (p < 0.029). A reduction in non-invasive keratograph break-up time was associated with using CLs for ≥8 years (p = 0.030). Overall, gland drop-out was higher and gland visibility lower in soft CL wearers. New gland visibility metrics might help to assess MGs in soft CL wearers quickly and objectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Soft Contact Lens Wear on The Tear Film and Meibomian Gland Drop-Out and Visibility

García‐Marqués

Talens‐Estarelles

García‐Lázaro

et al. 2022

Life

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“…Participants up to 45 years of age were included to avoid age‐related confounding effects since age is a significant risk factor for MGD 20–22 . Contact lens wearers were also excluded as an association between MGD and contact lens wear has been demonstrated 23 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[20][21][22] Contact lens wearers were also excluded as an association between MGD and contact lens wear has been demonstrated. 23 All examinations took place in the contact lens clinic at the Department of Optometry, HAC, in a designated examination room. The methods were explained verbally and participants signed a statement of informed consent prior to their participation.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeatability and reproducibility of Cobra HD fundus camera meibography in young adults with and without symptoms of dry eye

Ifrah

Quevedo

Gantz

2022

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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The inter-session repeatability (ISR), inter-examiner reproducibility (IER) and within-subject variability (WSV) of the Cobra HD fundus camera meibographer were examined in participants with and without dry eye symptoms. Methods: Symptoms were determined based on Ocular Surface Disease Index scores (≥13 being considered symptomatic), and subgroups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Images of meibomian glands (MGs) from the upper and lower right eyelids were captured by two examiners on the same day (S1) to determine IER. One examiner repeated the measurements on a second day (S2) to obtain the ISR. ISR, IER and WSV were calculated using Friedman, correlation tests and Bland and Altman analyses with mean differences (md) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), within-subject standard deviations (Sw) and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). Results:The ISR experiment included 72 participants (mean age: 23 ± 5 years, range: 19-43, 36 symptomatic). Mean MG loss of the upper (S1: 13.5 ± 9.5%, S2: 12.8 ± 8.5%) and lower eyelids (S1: 7.5 ± 6.9%, S2: 7.3 ± 6.3%) was not significantly different between sessions for all participants, symptomatic and asymptomatic subgroups for both eyelids. The ISR Sw for the upper and lower eyelids was 1.3% and 1.0%; md was 0.7 ± 3.5% (CI:−6.25% to 7.62%) and 0.1 ± 2.1% (CI: −3.94% to 4.17%), respectively. The IER experiment included 74 participants (mean age: 23 ± 5 years, range: 19-43, 37 symptomatic). Mean MG loss of the upper (Examiner 1: 12.7 ± 8.2%, Examiner 2: 13.1 ± 8.0%) and lower eyelids (Examiner 1: 7.0 ± 6.2%, Examiner 2: 7.4 ± 6.2%) was not significantly different between examiners for all participants, symptomatic and asymptomatic subgroups for both eyelids. The IER ICC values were >0.86 for all conditions, Sw was 1.3% and 1.2%, with a md of −0.4 ± 3.2% (CI: −6.65% to 5.90%) and −0.4 ± 2.9% (CI: −6.15% to 5.31%), respectively. The WSV Sw values were <1.4%, and ICC values were >0.89 for both eyelids, examiners and experimental sessions. Conclusions: The Cobra HD fundus camera demonstrates good repeatability, reproducibility and low WSV, and is a reliable clinical instrument for meibography.

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“…4 The impact of contact lens (CL) wear on MGD is equivocal, with some studies reporting that CL wear induces morphological and functional changes in the MGs. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] while other studies did not find such an association. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Several methodological factors may have contributed to the equivocal findings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impact of contact lens (CL) wear on MGD is equivocal, with some studies reporting that CL wear induces morphological and functional changes in the MGs 5–22 . while other studies did not find such an association 23–29 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact lens wear and follow‐up and its association with signs and symptoms of meibomian gland dysfunction

Ifrah,

Quevedo,

Hazrati

et al. 2023

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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IntroductionThis study investigated the equivocal association between contact lens (CL) wear and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) by comparing the morphological, functional and subjective outcomes of CL wearers versus control, non‐CL wearers. CL wearers were examined as two cohorts based on the annual attendance of follow‐up visits (FLU—attended these visits, whereas non‐FLU did not).MethodsHabitual logMAR visual acuity, invasive and non‐invasive tear break‐up time, Schirmer test, Efron grading scales, meibum quality score (MQS), meibum expressibility score (MES), meibomian gland (MG) loss, lid margin abnormalities and subjective dry eye (DE) symptoms were assessed.ResultsOf the 128 participants, 31 were in the FLU cohort, 43 were in the non‐FLU cohort and 54 were controls (mean ages: 22.2 ± 3.1, 23.0 ± 4.6 and 22.3 ± 3.5, respectively). Non‐FLU CL wearers had more symptoms than controls (3.7 ± 2.4 vs. 2.3 ± 2.1, p < 0.01). Morphologically, FLU (16.9 ± 8.8%, p = 0.02) and non‐FLU (18.6 ± 11.3%, p = 0.001) had more MG loss than controls (11.2 ± 6.8%). Functionally, FLU (0.6 ± 0.7, p = 0.01) and non‐FLU (0.8 ± 0.9, p = 0.001) had worse MES than controls (0.2 ± 0.5). FLU and non‐FLU were both associated with corneal staining (odds ratio [OR] = 3.42, 95% CI: 1.16–10.11, p = 0.03 and OR = 5.23, 95% CI: 1.89–14.48, p = 0.001, respectively) and MG loss (OR = 10.47, 95% CI: 1.14–96.29, p = 0.04 and OR = 16.63, 95% CI: 1.96–140.86, p = 0.01, respectively). Non‐FLU CL wear was also associated with abnormal MQS (OR = 12.87, 95% CI: 1.12–148.41, p = 0.04), conjunctival staining (OR = 12.18, 95% CI: 3.66–40.51, p < 0.001) and lid margin telangiectasia (OR = 3.78, 95% CI: 1.55–9.21, p = 0.003). MGD was three times more prevalent in CL wearers (12%) than in controls (4%).ConclusionsBoth CL‐wearing cohorts demonstrated significantly more MG abnormalities than controls though the difference was not clinically significant. Non‐FLU CL wearers had more DE symptoms. Non‐FLU CL wear is an independent predictor for more abnormalities than FLU CL wear, emphasising the importance of follow‐ups.

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Topical review of the relationship between contact lens wear and meibomian gland dysfunction

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

The Effects of Soft Contact Lens Wear on The Tear Film and Meibomian Gland Drop-Out and Visibility

The Effects of Soft Contact Lens Wear on The Tear Film and Meibomian Gland Drop-Out and Visibility

Repeatability and reproducibility of Cobra HD fundus camera meibography in young adults with and without symptoms of dry eye

Contact lens wear and follow‐up and its association with signs and symptoms of meibomian gland dysfunction

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