Topical Imiquimod Therapy for Chronic Giant Molluscum Contagiosum in a Patient With Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Disease

Buckley, Ronald; Smith, Kathleen J.

doi:10.1001/archderm.135.10.1167

Cited by 57 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…As MC does not appear to develop latency but evades the immune system through the production of viral-specific proteins, the clearance of MC tends to reflect long-term cure. 93 There have also been several case studies where imiquimod was successful in the treatment of MC in immunocompromised adults [97][98][99] (Table IV). In all three case reports, topical imiquimod resulted in full clearance of the treated lesions with no systemic adverse effects.…”

Section: Molluscum Contagiosum (Mc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In all three case reports, topical imiquimod resulted in full clearance of the treated lesions with no systemic adverse effects. [97][98][99] There is a need for further studies to determine imiquimodÕs efficacy and optimal dosing regimen as it may be an important addition to the therapeutic modalities available for the treatment of MC-associated infections.…”

Section: Molluscum Contagiosum (Mc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viral and Nonviral Uses of Imiquimod: A Review

2004

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Section: Molluscum Contagiosum (Mc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molluscum Contagiosum (Mc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral and Nonviral Uses of Imiquimod: A Review

2004

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“…Topical application of the compound is currently approved for treatment of genital warts, a highly contagious sexually transmitted disease caused by human papillomavirus. IQ has also been reported to be suitable for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum, basal cell carcinoma, and Bowen's disease (13)(14)(15). Although the exact mechanism of action of IQ is unknown, it is believed that imiquimod modulates immune responses by activating dendritic cells, macrophage, or other cells via Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), releasing IFN-α/β and proinflammatory cytokines (16)(17)(18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of cellular and behavioral responses to imiquimod reveals a unique itch pathway in transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)-expressing neurons

Kim

Park

Kim

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

102

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Despite its clinical importance, the mechanisms that mediate or generate itch are poorly defined. The identification of pruritic compounds offers insight into understanding the molecular and cellular basis of itch. Imiquimod (IQ) is an agonist of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) used to treat various infectious skin diseases such as genital warts, keratosis, and basal cell carcinoma. Itch is reportedly one of the major side effects developed during IQ treatments. We found that IQ acts as a potent itch-evoking compound (pruritogen) in mice via direct excitation of sensory neurons. Combined studies of scratching behavior, patch-clamp recording, and Ca 2+ response revealed the existence of a unique intracellular mechanism, which is independent of TLR7 as well as different from the mechanisms exploited by other well-characterized pruritogens. Nevertheless, as for other pruritogens, IQ requires the presence of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)-expressing neurons for itchassociated responses. Our data provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that there is a specific subset of TRPV1-expressing neurons that is equipped with diverse intracellular mechanisms that respond to histamine, chloroquine, and IQ.

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“…[28,39] Topical imiquimod 5% cream three times a week represents comparatively new and "elegant" option, however, sometimes, the irritating side effects might be significant. [2,6] Besides, this is a comparatively expansive treatment option providing the number of MC lesion, thus, it seems that imiquimod might be more appropriate for the treatment of the HPV rather than MC lesions. Tretinoin cream 0.05% or gel 0.025% applied once or twice daily to individual lesions or cidofovir 0.1% gel [36] might sometimes be beneficial.…”

Section: Considerations On Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Mollusca contagiosa

2009

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regarded as a part of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). It is most probable that MC affect both sexes equally in children's age, whereas it seems that in adult age the incidence in males prevails. Thus, in STD clinics, slightly more than twice as many men as woman were diagnosed with MC. Therapy is still controversial and sometimes very frustrating, but may be, on the other hand, considerably beneficial in preventing transmission or autoinoculation. Unfortunately, there is no aetiological treatment of MC so far, and majority of treatment options are mechanical, causing sometimes a certain degree of discomfort, or are not enough "evidence-based". Special attention should be given to the extragenital site of involvement of MC in adults, and HIV serology testing should certainly be recommended in such patients. Both children and adults with MC should be educated to avoid skin contact and scratching with others to prevent transmission and autoinoculation. Besides, the adult patients with MC should be carefully screened for other STIs and counselled appropriately.

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Topical Imiquimod Therapy for Chronic Giant Molluscum Contagiosum in a Patient With Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Disease

Cited by 57 publications

References 21 publications

Viral and Nonviral Uses of Imiquimod: A Review

Viral and Nonviral Uses of Imiquimod: A Review

Analysis of cellular and behavioral responses to imiquimod reveals a unique itch pathway in transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)-expressing neurons

Mollusca contagiosa

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