Topical HPMC/S-Nitrosoglutathione Solution Decreases Inflammation and Bone Resorption in Experimental Periodontal Disease in Rats

Abstract

S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is a nitric oxide (NO) donor, which exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and microbicidal actions. Intragingival application of GSNO was already shown to decrease alveolar bone loss, inflammation and oxidative stress in an experimental periodontal disease (EPD) model. In the present study, we evaluated the potential therapeutic effect of topical applications of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC)/GSNO solutions on EPD in Wistar rats. EPD was induced by placing a sterilized nylon (3.0) thread ligature around the cervix of the second left upper molar of the animals, which received topical applications of a HPMC solutions containing GSNO 2 or 10 mM or vehicle (HPMC solution), 1 h prior to the placement of the ligature and then twice daily until sacrifice on day 11. Treatment with HPMC/GSNO 10 mM solution significantly reduced alveolar bone loss, oxidative stress and TNF-α e IL-1β levels in the surrounding gingival tissue, and led to a decreased transcription of RANK and TNF-α genes and elevated bone alkaline phosphatase, compared to the HPMC group. In conclusion, topical application of HPMC/GSNO solution is a potential treatment to reduce inflammation and bone loss in periodontal disease.

Stemodia maritima L. Extract Decreases Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Alveolar Bone Loss in an Experimental Periodontitis Rat Model

“…The release of large amounts of NO by iNOS plays a major role in immune-inflammatory events including periodontitis (Leitão et al, 2005 ; Tamaki et al, 2014 ; Martins et al, 2016 ). TNF-α and IL-1 trigger the transcription of the iNOS resulting in the increase production of NO.…”

Clostridium difficile toxins or infection induce upregulation of adenosine receptors and IL-6 with early pro-inflammatory and late anti-inflammatory pattern

“…Total cellular RNA extraction from each intestinal tissue, analysis, cDNA conversion, and qPCR protocol are described above (26,27). The primers used for both adenosine subtype and cytokine gene expression are listed on Table 1.…”

Chronic treatment with zoledronic acid increases inflammatory markers in periodontium of rats

“…Chronic treatment with BF leads cellular toxicity in various cell types through an increase in the synthesis of cytokines . The BF bind to hydroxyapatite irreversibly, and the high time of contact between BF and BF‐toxicity–susceptive cells increases toxic effects of BF in these cells and increases the number of dead cells …”

“…9 The BF bind to hydroxyapatite irreversibly, and the high time of contact between BF and BF-toxicity-susceptive cells increases toxic effects of BF in these cells and increases the number of dead cells. 11 Furthermore, there is a reduction in the phagocytotic activity of macrophages induced by BF, 9 and the elimination of injured cells can be compromised and lead to high oxidative stress. 12 Then, infiltration of neutrophils can occur leading to high oxidative stress and bone necrosis.…”