Topical Hemostatic Agents: A Review

Abstract

Topical hemostatic agents play an important role in both common and specialized dermatologic procedures. These agents can be classified based on their mechanism of action and include physical or mechanical agents, caustic agents, biologic physical agents, and physiologic agents. Some agents induce protein coagulation and precipitation resulting in occlusion of small cutaneous vessels, while others take advantage of latter stages in the coagulation cascade, activating biologic responses to bleeding. Traditional and newer topical hemostatic agents are discussed in this review, and the benefits and costs of each agent will be provided.

Hemostatic Effectiveness of Fibrin Pad After Partial Nephrectomy in Swine

“…When these conventional measures are ineffective or impractical, adjunctive hemostasis techniques and products are typically utilized. These include topical absorbable hemostats (TAH), such as oxidized regenerated cellulose, gelatin, or collagen [17] and active hemostats, such as topical thrombin or fibrin sealants [18,19]. These products have proven most efficacious in controlling slowly bleeding foci, diffuse oozing, bleeding from needle puncture sites, and diffuse parenchymal organ hemorrhage.…”

Bleeding during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: Can a hemostatic matrix help to improve hemostasis?

“…Traditional surgical methods including suture, energy based coagulation systems, ligature and hemostatic clips can be used to handle bleeding (12,13). Available hemostatic agents include absorbable hemostats such as gelatin, collagen and oxidized regenerated cellulose and active hemostats such as thrombin and fibrin sealants (16). Fibrin sealants were reported as easy to use but not effective in dealing with major vascular injury.…”

Modification of Chitosan, a Kind of Marine Polymer Extracted from Shellfish, and Used for Hemostatic Material

“…But chitosan could only show desired haemostatic effect to the mild blooding wound. It has unstable effect to the serious blooding wound, and the application was confined [7]. In the current study, a novel microparticle based on chitosan was prepared, the hemostatic property, wound repair property and biocompatibility of the prepared microparticle were studied.…”