Topical Delivery of Niacinamide to Skin Using Hybrid Nanogels Enhances Photoprotection Effect

Abstract

Niacinamide (NIA) has been widely used in halting the features of ageing by acting as an antioxidant and preventing dehydration. NIA’s physicochemical properties suggest difficulties in surpassing the barrier imposed by the stratum corneum layer to reach the target in the skin. To improve cutaneous delivery of NIA, a hybrid nanogel was designed using carrageenan and polyvinylpyrrolidone polymers combined with jojoba oil as a permeation enhancer. Three different types of transethosomes were prepared by the thin-film hydration method, made distinct by the presence of either an edge activator or a permeation enhancer, to allow for a controlled delivery of NIA. Formulations were characterized by measurements of size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and loading capacity, and by evaluating their chemical interactions and morphology. Skin permeation assays were performed using Franz diffusion cells. The hybrid hydrogels exhibited robust, porous, and highly aligned macrostructures, and when present, jojoba oil changed their morphology. Skin permeation studies with transethosomes-loaded hydrogels showed that nanogels per se exhibit a more controlled and enhanced permeation, in particular when jojoba oil was present in the transethosomes. These promising nanogels protected the human keratinocytes from UV radiation, and thus can be added to sunscreens or after-sun lotions to improve skin protection.

Exploring the potential of transethosomes in therapeutic delivery: A comprehensive review

“…To improve the cutaneous delivery of niacinamide and Cycloastragenol, Basto et al 5 and Wang et al 7 designed encapsulated vesicles. TEs using jojoba oil, dicetylphosphate, span 40, and tween 80 as the penetration enhancer exhibited more controlled and better drug delivery across the skin barrier.…”

“…However, this necessitates hospitalization of patients and careful monitoring under medical help. Hence, the health sector currently reaps significant benefits from transdermal drug delivery technologies that reduce plasma drug level fluctuations for repeated treatment, avoid organ toxicity, and early metabolism, limit dose‐based side effects, and prevent gastrointestinal discomfort and poor bioavailability 3–5 . It also provides benefits such as controlled drug delivery, lower doses, and improved patient compliance 6–9 …”

“…Hence, the health sector currently reaps significant benefits from transdermal drug delivery technologies that reduce plasma drug level fluctuations for repeated treatment, avoid organ toxicity, and early metabolism, limit dose-based side effects, and prevent gastrointestinal discomfort and poor bioavailability. [3][4][5] It also provides benefits such as controlled drug delivery, lower doses, and improved patient compliance. [6][7][8][9] The tight junctions in the uppermost layer of the epidermis, stratum corneum (SC), continue to be a significant barrier to the free penetration of drugs into the body, hence reducing the bioavailability of transdermal drugs.…”

Novel Crosslinked HA Hydrogel Films for the Immediate Release of Active Ingredients

“…The anti-ageing role of Vitamin B 3 is attributed to the fact that these two enzymes often decline in number with age; when these enzymes are sufficiently present in the skin, they can create an effective defense mechanism against ageing-induced external factors. Vitamin B 3 also assists the skin in remaining hydrated as it encourages the production of natural emollients [19][20][21]. Niacinamide is an active amide form of vitamin B 3 , and its chemical structure consists of 3-pyridine carboxamide.…”

“…Niacinamide is an active amide form of vitamin B 3 , and its chemical structure consists of 3-pyridine carboxamide. Due to vitamin B 3 's excretion from the body without in vivo storage, it should be taken from various food sources and supplements [19]. Additionally, its small molecular size (122.1 Dalton) renders it a suitable active ingredient for transdermal delivery because it can diffuse systemically via the stratum corneum [22].…”