Topical antibacterial and antiviral agents: prescribing and resistance

Chaplin, Steve

doi:10.1002/psb.1480

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Chaplin conducted a study about the current prescribing patterns for topical antiviral and antibacterial preparations in primary care in 2015 in England and reported that regarding the use of antivirals for skin infections, 98.64% of the prescriptions contained acyclovir and only 1.36% contained penciclovir [17]. He also reported that regarding the use of antivirals for eye infections, 40.62% of the prescriptions contained acyclovir and 59.38% contained ganciclovir [17].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evaluation of Acyclovir Prescribing Patterns in a Public Hospital in AlKharj

Ahmed

Almalki

Alhajri

et al. 2020

JPRI

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Aim: This study aimed to analyze acyclovir prescription patterns in a public hospital in AlKharj. Methodology: Cross-sectional study, via hospital pharmacy services that included collecting data on acyclovir utilization from de-identified pharmacy records in maternity and children hospital in Alkharj from 1 Jan 2018 until 31 Aug 2020. Results: A total of 1059 prescriptions contained acyclovir were dispensed between 1 Jan 2018 till 31 Aug 2020. In the present study, acyclovir was prescribed mainly as an intravenous (45.89%) or oral (34.09%) treatment. It is prescribed mainly as a vial (45.89%) followed by suspension (31.63%). Inpatient Ward prescribed 52.60% of the prescriptions and emergency department prescribed 25.87% of the prescriptions. Conclusion: It can be concluded that acyclovir was prescribed commonly in the hospital and that it’s using should be monitored to ensure that it is prescribed and dispensed appropriately.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evaluation of Acyclovir Prescribing Patterns in a Public Hospital in AlKharj

Ahmed

Almalki

Alhajri

et al. 2020

JPRI

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“…This is in direct contrast to antibiotics administrated systemically, whose concentration at the site of infection is significantly less than that administered. Further, while topical antibiotics are usually not recommended because of the risk of resistance development [ 16 ], topical phage therapy can be desirable. As such, infection which previously required systemic antibiotic therapy such as skin, soft tissue and surgical site infection can be potentially treated with topical phage therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi-Solid and Solid Dosage Forms for the Delivery of Phage Therapy to Epithelia

et al. 2018

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The delivery of phages to epithelial surfaces for therapeutic outcomes is a realistic proposal, and indeed one which is being currently tested in clinical trials. This paper reviews some of the known research on formulation of phages into semi-solid dosage forms such as creams, ointments and pastes, as well as solid dosage forms such as troches (or lozenges and pastilles) and suppositories/pessaries, for delivery to the epithelia. The efficacy and stability of these phage formulations is discussed, with a focus on selection of optimal semi-solid bases for phage delivery. Issues such as the need for standardisation of techniques for formulation as well as for assessment of efficacy are highlighted. These are important when trying to compare results from a range of experiments and across different delivery bases.

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“…Antibacterial eye drops serve an important role in the ophthalmic setting and have seen widespread use in both prophylaxis and treatment of bacterial ocular surface infections such as conjunctivitis and keratitis. Various antibacterial agents including chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin and fusidic acid can be prepared as ophthalmic formulations and administered to the eye in a safe and effective manner, although the cost of these formulations restricts their widespread availability …”

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confidence: 99%

Ex vivo evaluation of the stability, safety and antibacterial efficacy of an extemporaneous povidone‐iodine preparation for ophthalmic applications

Khun

Kumarasinghe

Zoysa

et al. 2019

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Background: Povidone-iodine is used as a cost-effective broad-spectrum antiseptic in the prophylaxis and treatment of certain ocular infections. In this study, the stability, ophthalmic irritation potential and antibacterial efficacy of an extemporaneous povidone-iodine preparation was determined using established ex vivo and in vitro assays. Methods: Extemporaneous iodine was prepared by simple dilution in normal saline. Preparation stability was evaluated by monitoring concentration and pH. Ocular safety was determined using the bovine cornea opacity and permeability assay. Efficacy was assessed by determining the minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentration of the preparation on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results: Diluted povidone-iodine maintained its stability over the 28-day evaluation. The formulation caused mild ocular irritation at the lowest prepared concentration (0.5 per cent w/v), with irritation noticeably increased at higher concentrations. The preparation showed minimum bactericidal and inhibitory concentrations of 0.078 and 0.3 per cent w/v on S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Conclusions: This study confirms the stability and broad-spectrum antibacterial efficacy of povidone-iodine, while addressing the ocular irritation potential of this chemical.

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Topical antibacterial and antiviral agents: prescribing and resistance

Abstract: This article describes the current prescribing patterns for topical antibacterial and antiviral preparations in primary care and the factors to consider when choosing a treatment, including the evidence for antimicrobial resistance.

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

An Evaluation of Acyclovir Prescribing Patterns in a Public Hospital in AlKharj

An Evaluation of Acyclovir Prescribing Patterns in a Public Hospital in AlKharj

Semi-Solid and Solid Dosage Forms for the Delivery of Phage Therapy to Epithelia

Ex vivo evaluation of the stability, safety and antibacterial efficacy of an extemporaneous povidone‐iodine preparation for ophthalmic applications

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