Topical Antiacne Drugs Delivery Systems

Abstract

Background: Acne vulgaris (commonly called acne) is the most prevalent skin complication of different causes with a higher prevalence in adolescents. Topical administration is used as first-choice therapy in mild acne, whereas for moderate and severe acne, systemic administration is required in addition to topical therapy. Mechanisms by which treatments act are: normalizing shedding into the pore to prevent obstruction, destruction of P.acnes, suppression of inflammation, and hormonal management. Objective: This review focuses on the novel drug delivery systems displaying a strong ground for topical treatment of acne in order to enhance the therapeutic performance of the topical antiacne agents with improved patience compliance and a concomitant reduction in the side effects. Method: This literature review was obtained from electronic search on Pubmed, Google Scholars, Researchgate, Scimago, CABI, DOAJ, CiteFactor, GLOBAL HEALTH, Universal Impact Factor, Hinari among many others and also search was conducted on individual journals and manuals. Conclusion: Amongst various novel drug delivery systems, vesicular carriers like liposomes and niosomes, micro sponges, microemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, hydrogels, emulsifier-free formulations, fullerenes and aerosol foams have been reported as novel topical administration of antiacne drugs. Liposomes have been extensively explored and their ability to optimize and improve topical therapy has been proved by several clinical trials. Microemulsions, microsponges, solid lipid nanoparticles and hydrogels also exhibit a tremendous potential for commercialization.

Applicability of Ionic Liquids in Topical Drug Delivery Systems: A Mini Review

“…Furthermore, the in vivo pharmacodynamic analysis demonstrated an important haemostatic activity of Dencichine by topical application, as well as, a reduced cell toxicity and skin irritation. These results show once again, that ILs may have multiple utilities when incorporated in topical Delivery systems [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63].…”

“…Absorption of drugs through the skin occurs in both delivery systems although the local where the drug is intended to produce effect is different. In the transdermal delivery it is intended that the drug, applied to the skin, reaches the blood circulation to produce a systemic therapeutic effect [2,3,13]. On the other hand, in the topical delivery the target site is within the skin itself, with minimal or without systemic absorptions.…”

“…The skin is the largest and one of the most important organs of the human body, covering about 1.7 m2 and representing approximately 10% of the total body mass of an adult [19]. This structure has several functions but its primary function is to provide an effective barrier between the human body and the external environment by protecting it against external factors that can induce damages, such as chemicals, ultraviolet radiation, allergens and microorganisms and the loss of water and nutrients [19,13]. Human skin is composed of the appendages, eccrine and apocrine sweat glands and hair follicles, and by three different main layers: the epidermid is, the dermis and the hypodermis [13].…”

“…This structure has several functions but its primary function is to provide an effective barrier between the human body and the external environment by protecting it against external factors that can induce damages, such as chemicals, ultraviolet radiation, allergens and microorganisms and the loss of water and nutrients [19,13]. Human skin is composed of the appendages, eccrine and apocrine sweat glands and hair follicles, and by three different main layers: the epidermid is, the dermis and the hypodermis [13]. The stractumcorneum, often referred as non-viable epidermis, is the outmost layer and primary barrier of the skin due to its unique structure consisting of layers of flattened corneocytes surrounded by lipid bilayers composed mainly of ceramides [20].…”