Topical anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of standardized pomegranate rind extract in comparison with its marker compound ellagic acid in vivo

Ellagic acid reduces murine schistosomiasis mansoni immunopathology via up-regulation of IL-10 and down-modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines production

“…We here reported that in vivo ( Figure 2H) and ex vivo ( Table 2) EA treatment decreased specific TNF-a production from splenocytes of S. mansoni infected mice. This finding is in agreement with the previous studies have demonstrated that EA down-regulate TNF-a expression in different experimental models [45][46][47]49,[51][52][53] . The molecular mechanisms responsible for differential effects of EA on various cytokine responses, enhancement IL-10 and dampened the other cytokine responses, remain largely unknown and needs further studies.…”

“…Our data showed that ex vivo ( Table 2) and in vivo (Figure 2A) EA treatment decreased specific IL-1b production from splenocytes in response to S. mansoni antigens. This finding running parallel with the previous reports on other experimental disease models which stated that EA treatment down-regulate IL-1b expression [46][47][48][49]51 . IL-4 is responsible for determining granuloma size.…”

“…Treatment of gastric ulcerated mice with EA reduced TNF-a, IL-1b and IL-6 levels; and induced IL-4 and IL-10 levels 49 . EA increased levels of apoptosis and decreased synthesis of IL-1b and IL-8 in melanoma cells 50 ; and showed a strong inhibition on neutrophilic infiltration as well as suppression on TNF-a and IL-1b in complete Freund's adjuvant-induced polyarthritis 51 . EA has been shown to downregulate inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), COX-2, TNF-a and IL-6 secretion by inhibiting NF-kB in colon and pancreatic cancers 52 .…”

Active Constituents of Pomegranates (Punica granatum) as Potential Candidates in the Management of Health through Modulation of Biological Activities

“…Furthermore, Both rind extract and ellagic acid showed significant topical analgesic activities in the rat punctuate mechanical hyperalgesia test and in the mouse formalin test. 33 Indomethacin-induced gastric injury was not observed in the presence of pomegranate, which also prove role in the protection against ethanol-induced gastric lesions 34 and pomegranate methanolic extract exhibited potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity comparable to indomethacin. 35 Wound healing activity of a rind extract and ellagic acid was investigated.…”

Phenolic composition and effects on allergic contact dermatitis of phenolic extracts Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb. leaves

“…Thirdly, in the previous study, FL has exhibited a little stronger radical scavenging activity than NL. Finally, these identified compounds had been reported to act on single pathways, including NF-κB (Soromou et al, 2012;Mo et al, 2013;Valentova et al, 2014). The direct radical scavenging activity of some of them seems not to be very strong, such as astragalin.…”