Topical and systemic drug delivery to the posterior segments

Hughes, Patrick M.; Olejník, O; Chang-Lin, Joan-En; Wilson, Clive G.

doi:10.1016/j.addr.2005.09.004

Cited by 332 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…13 Targeting these transporters will be a smart way of drug delivery aimed at optimal ocular bioavailability. 1 The expression of OCT in the cornea and conjunctiva has been well documented. 13 Many of the pharmacologically important drugs in ophthalmic practice are substrates of OCT, thereby their bioavailability is getting altered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 The majority of the topically applied drugs for treating anterior segment diseases utilize cornea as the main pathway to enter the eye from tear to aqueous humor (AH). 2 Studies indicate that presence of a physiological protective mechanism like transporter proteins may be responsible for the uptake or altered penetration of drugs across the cornea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential pharmacokinetic role of organic cation transporters in modulating the transcorneal penetration of its substrates administered topically

Nirmal

Singh

Biswas

et al. 2013

Eye

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential pharmacokinetic role of organic cation transporters in modulating the transcorneal penetration of its substrates administered topically

Nirmal

Singh

Biswas

et al. 2013

Eye

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“…Outer BRB is created by tight junctions of the RPE cells that prevent the entry of even small molecules into retina from the choroid. The RPE cells possess various mechanisms such as transporters and efflux pumps that prevent penetration of substances but allow selective passage of nutrient from the choroid into the vitreous (21)(22)(23). The inner BRB is due to the retinal vessel endothelial cells that cause blockage of the systemic penetration of drugs.…”

Section: Barriers In Ocular Drug Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraocular Sustained-Release Delivery Systems for Triamcinolone Acetonide

2009

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Abstract. Recently, the use of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injection has increased dramatically in treatment for several ocular diseases. Among them, macular diseases such as macular edema due to diabetic retinopathy, venous occlusive diseases, ocular inflammation and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are very common vision threatening disorders and are great challenges to treat. In these types of chronic retinal diseases, repeated intraocular injections of TA are often required which increases the likelihood of complications. In order to achieve sustained-release, maintain therapeutic levels of TA over longer times and reduce frequency of intravitreal injections, researchers are investigating different implantable devices or injectable systems. However, as of yet, there is no sustained-release product for TA available on the commercial market. This review discusses and compares different sustained-release devices or injectable systems that are currently being developed.

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“…Therefore, frequent drug application is required to maintain adequate drug concentrations in the eye. In addition to low corneal permeability, short precorneal residence time is a critical rate-limiting factor for drugs to cross corneal barrier after topical instillation (Shell 1985;Lee and Robinson 1986;Hughes et al 2005). Because of poor drug delivery, topical administration is usually reserved for ocular surface and anterior segment diseases but not posterior segment diseases, although there are studies indicating that topical application can deliver drugs to the posterior segment of the eye (Furrer et al 2009).…”

Section: Drug Administration Routesmentioning

confidence: 99%