Topical anaesthetic or vasoconstrictor preparations for flexible fibre-optic nasal pharyngoscopy and laryngoscopy

Risk of contamination of lidocaine hydrochloride and phenylephrine hydrochloride topical solution:in vivoandin vitroanalyses

“…11 However, it is often required when rigid nasal endoscopy is used for minor interventions in out-patient settings or when the patient makes a choice.…”

Patient‐related and ENT‐related predictive factors based on the pain experienced during flexible nasendoscopy

“…Furthermore, some patients may have to undergo this procedure multiple times. The literature includes two recent major reviews on topical anesthesia for fibrolaryngoscopy that demonstrated the scientific community's need to understand what is considered to be the standard of care.…”

Evaluation of the Dysphonic Patient (in: Function Preservation in Laryngeal Cancer)

“…Topical nasal anesthesia is sometimes used for this examination, although its use has not been demonstrated to significantly reduce patients' discomfort. 10 Initially, these scopes were plagued with poor light intensity and image quality, making them substandard to rigid endoscopic examination. However, flexible endoscopes with small cameras placed at the distal tip of the scope have enhanced image resolution that is of essentially the same quality as rigid endoscopes.…”