Topical 5-ALA photodynamic therapy for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

Leman, Jeffrey D.; Dick, D. C.; Morton, C.A.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2230.2002.01119.x

Cited by 64 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Patients with early-stage disease limited to the skin usually require skin-directed therapies. The effectiveness of PDT has been widely studied in smaller patient cohorts [81,82]. Especially in patients with solitary lymphoma lesions, treatment options are needed that have few side effects.…”

Section: Clinical Applications Of Pdt For Cutaneous Neoplasiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in the prevention and treatment of skin cancer using photodynamic therapy

Zhao¹,

He²

2010

Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy

136

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive procedure that involves a photosensitizing drug and its subsequent activation by light to produce reactive oxygen species that specifically destroy target cells. Recently, PDT has been widely used in treating non-melanoma skin malignancies, the most common cancer in the USA, with superior cosmetic outcomes compared with conventional therapies. The topical 'photosensitizers' commonly used are 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and its esterified derivative methyl 5-aminolevulinate, which are precursors of the endogenous photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX. After treatment with ALA or methyl 5-aminolevulinate, protoporphyrin IX preferentially accumulates in the lesion area of various skin diseases, which allows not only PDT treatment but also fluorescence diagnosis with ALA-induced porphyrins. Susceptible lesions include various forms of non-melanoma skin cancer such as actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The most recent and promising developments in PDT include the discovery of new photosensitizers, the exploitation of new drug delivery systems and the combination of other modalities, which will all contribute to increasing PDT therapeutic efficacy and improving outcome. This article summarizes the main principles of PDT and its current clinical use in the management of non-melanoma skin cancers, as well as recent developments and possible future research directions.Keywords 5-aminolevulinic acid; ALA; MAL; methyl 5-aminolevulinate; PDT; photodynamic therapy; photosensitizers; skin cancer; topical PDT Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer, accounting for nearly half of all cancers in the USA [1]. The most common types of skin cancer are non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs): basal cell carcinoma (BCC), which forms in the basal cells, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which forms in the squamous cells. BCCs are rarely fatal, but can be † Author for correspondence: Tel.: +1 773 795 4696, Fax: +1 773 702 8398, yyhe@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu. Financial & competing interests disclosureWork in the authors' laboratories was supported by the American Skin Association, the University of Chicago Cancer Research Center (P30 CA014599), and the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties. No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptExpert Rev Anticancer Ther. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 September 1. Genetic factors and environmental exposure to UV radiation in sunlight or tanning beds are strong risk factors for the genesis of skin cancer. Traditional skin c...

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Section: Clinical Applications Of Pdt For Cutaneous Neoplasiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in the prevention and treatment of skin cancer using photodynamic therapy

Zhao¹,

He²

2010

Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy

136

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“…ALA-PDT has been used in multiple sessions for different tumor types in several clinical studies (5)(6)(7)(8). However, there are no studies attempting to elucidate if PDT with ALA could induce resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor cell lines resistant to ALA-mediated photodynamic therapy and possible tools to target surviving cells

Casas¹,

Perotti²,

Ortel³

et al. 2006

Int J Oncol

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Abstract.We isolated and characterized cell lines resistant to aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) derived from a murine adenocarcinoma and studied cross resistance with other injuries. The most resistant clones were numbers 4 and 8, which exhibited 6.7-and 4.2-fold increase in resistance respectively. Several characteristics were altered in these clones. A 2-fold increase in cell volume, higher cell spreading, and a more fibroblastic, dendritic pattern, were the morphology features that led us to think they could have different adhesive, invasive or metastatic phenotypes. The amount of porphyrins synthesized per cell in the resistant clones was similar to the parental line but, when it was expressed per mg protein, there was a 2-fold decrease, with a higher proportion of hydrophilic porphyrins. These cells were not cross-resistant to photosensitization with Benzoporphyrin derivative and Merocyanine 540, but exhibited a slight resistance to exogenous protoporphyrin IX treatment. Both clones displayed higher protein content and increased number of mitochondria, together with a higher oxygen consumption. The distinctive features found in the resistant lines led as to think how to exploit the changes induced by PDT treatment to target surviving cells. Those hypoxic cells can be also a preferential target of bioreductive drugs and hypoxia-directed gene therapy, and would be sensitive to treatment with other photosensitizers.

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“…3 We report a cytologic profile of EBV-infected NK cells isolated from a 15year-old Japanese boy with chronic active EBV infection associated with hypersensitivity to mosquito bites of 12 years' duration.…”

Section: Characterization Of Epstein-barr Viruseinfected Natural Killmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,3 The mechanisms of PDT for lymphocytes are still not clear, but ALA-PDT for several leukemic cell lines results in specific uptake of a photosensitive substance, followed by inhibition of cell proliferation and cell death by excitation light irradiation. 4,5 In our case, PDT may have directly inhibited the proliferation of lymphocytes, or cytokine release from ALA-applied epidermal keratinocytes after excitation light irradiation may have contributed to indirect disturbance of follicle formation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical 5-aminolevulinic acid–based photodynamic therapy for the treatment of a patient with cutaneous pseudolymphoma

Mikasa

Watanabe

Kondo

et al. 2005

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

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Topical 5-ALA photodynamic therapy for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

Cited by 64 publications

References 7 publications

Recent advances in the prevention and treatment of skin cancer using photodynamic therapy

Recent advances in the prevention and treatment of skin cancer using photodynamic therapy

Tumor cell lines resistant to ALA-mediated photodynamic therapy and possible tools to target surviving cells

Topical 5-aminolevulinic acid–based photodynamic therapy for the treatment of a patient with cutaneous pseudolymphoma

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