TOP1α, UPF1, and TTG2 regulate seed size in a parental dosage–dependent manner

Li, Chengxiang; Gong, Xun; Zhang, Bin; Liang, Zhe; See, Benjamin Yen How; Yu, Hao

doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000930

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Transparent testa glabra 2 ( TTG2 , also known variously as ATWRKY44, DR. STRANGELOVE 1, DSL1, F3G5.5, F3G5_5, or WRKY44 in the NCBI entry for the Arabidopsis thaliana gene NP _181263) is a transcription factor whose mutant phenotypes in A. thaliana include altered seed color [ 35 ], and reduced seed size [ 36 , 37 ]. A putative ortholog is differentially expressed in relation to seed development in Fagopyrum esculentum (common buckwheat) [ 38 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TTG2 plays a key role in seed coat color, through the regulation of genes involved in the intracellular transport of proanthocyanidins (tannins) [ 35 , 46 ]. TTG2 is also involved in seed size, as noted for Arabidopsis mutations and in a network study of agronomic traits in barley [ 36 , 37 , 47 ]. Conceivably, selection for a gene knockout might have occurred in quinoa selected for lighter seed color, but that would not be consistent with the typical black seed color of our Canadian C. berlandieri accession.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Genomic Sequence of Canadian Chenopodium berlandieri: A North American Wild Relative of Quinoa

Samuels

Lapointe

Halwas

et al. 2023

Plants

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Chenopodium berlandieri (pitseed goosefoot) is a widespread native North American plant, which was cultivated and consumed by indigenous peoples prior to the arrival of European colonists. Chenopodium berlandieri is closely related to, and freely hybridizes with the domesticated South American food crop C. quinoa. As such it is a potential source of wild germplasm for breeding with C. quinoa, for improved quinoa production in North America. The C. berlandieri genome sequence could also be a useful source of information for improving quinoa adaptation. To this end, we first optimized barcode markers in two chloroplast genes, rbcL and matK. Together these markers can distinguish C. berlandieri from the morphologically similar Eurasian invasive C. album (lamb’s quarters). Second, we performed whole genome sequencing and preliminary assembly of a C. berlandieri accession collected in Manitoba, Canada. Our assembly, while fragmented, is consistent with the expected allotetraploid structure containing diploid Chenopodium sub-genomes A and B. The genome of our accession is highly homozygous, with only one variant site per 3–4000 bases in non-repetitive sequences. This is consistent with predominant self-fertilization. As previously reported for the genome of a partly domesticated Mexican accession of C. berlandieri, our genome assembly is similar to that of C. quinoa. Somewhat unexpectedly, the genome of our accession had almost as many variant sites when compared to the Mexican C. berlandieri, as compared to C. quinoa. Despite the overall similarity of our genome sequence to that of C. quinoa, there are differences in genes known to be involved in the domestication or genetics of other food crops. In one example, our genome assembly appears to lack one functional copy of the SOS1 (salt overly sensitive 1) gene. SOS1 is involved in soil salinity tolerance, and by extension may be relevant to the adaptation of C. berlandieri to the wet climate of the Canadian region where it was collected. Our genome assembly will be a useful tool for the improved cultivation of quinoa in North America.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Sequence of Canadian Chenopodium berlandieri: A North American Wild Relative of Quinoa

Samuels

Lapointe

Halwas

et al. 2023

Plants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Genetic analysis has consistently shown TOP1α and UPF1 function upstream of TTG2. TTG2 is directly suppressed by TOP1 and UPF1 by causing a chromatin disruption [ 25 ]. Further, it has been suggested that comparative TTG2 quantity in antipodal cells to gametes regulates seed size, indicating the role of the maternal and paternal dose-dependent molecular framework.…”

Section: Genetic Factors Controlling Seed Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Developing Genetic Engineering Techniques for Control of Seed Size and Yield

Alam

Batool

Huang

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Many signaling pathways regulate seed size through the development of endosperm and maternal tissues, which ultimately results in a range of variations in seed size or weight. Seed size can be determined through the development of zygotic tissues (endosperm and embryo) and maternal ovules. In addition, in some species such as rice, seed size is largely determined by husk growth. Transcription regulator factors are responsible for enhancing cell growth in the maternal ovule, resulting in seed growth. Phytohormones induce significant effects on entire features of growth and development of plants and also regulate seed size. Moreover, the vegetative parts are the major source of nutrients, including the majority of carbon and nitrogen-containing molecules for the reproductive part to control seed size. There is a need to increase the size of seeds without affecting the number of seeds in plants through conventional breeding programs to improve grain yield. In the past decades, many important genetic factors affecting seed size and yield have been identified and studied. These important factors constitute dynamic regulatory networks governing the seed size in response to environmental stimuli. In this review, we summarized recent advances regarding the molecular factors regulating seed size in Arabidopsis and other crops, followed by discussions on strategies to comprehend crops’ genetic and molecular aspects in balancing seed size and yield.

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“…It has been suggested also, that PAs are involved in seed development resulting from interploidy crosses 6 . Mutation of maternally-expressed genes, such as TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 2 ( TTG2 ) and TRANSPARENT TESTA 4 ( TT4 ), involved in PA biosynthesis, a branch of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway (FBP), can partially suppress F1 seed lethality caused by paternal-excess interploidy crosses in Arabidopsis thaliana 6 , 22 , 41 . Although much progress has been made in identifying genetic modifiers of the triploid block, most of the advances to date have focused on the paternal elements responsible for (i) the high sensitivity of Arabidopsis thaliana to increased paternal genome dosage and, (ii) the triploid block 31 , 42 , 43 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal control of triploid seed development by the TRANSPARENT TESTA 8 (TT8) transcription factor in Arabidopsis thaliana

Zumajo-Cardona

Aguirre

Castillo-Bravo

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The balance between parental genome dosage is critical to offspring development in both animals and plants. In some angiosperm species, despite the imbalance between maternally and paternally inherited chromosome sets, crosses between parental lines of different ploidy may result in viable offspring. However, many plant species, like Arabidopsis thaliana, present a post-zygotic reproductive barrier, known as triploid block which results in the inability of crosses between individuals of different ploidy to generate viable seeds but also, in defective development of the seed. Several paternal regulators have been proposed as active players in establishing the triploid block. Maternal regulators known to be involved in this process are some flavonoid biosynthetic (FB) genes, expressed in the innermost layer of the seed coat. Here we explore the role of selected flavonoid pathway genes in triploid block, including TRANSPARENT TESTA 4 (TT4), TRANSPARENT TESTA 7 (TT7), SEEDSTICK (STK), TRANSPARENT TESTA 16 (TT16), TT8 and TRANSPARENT TESTA 13 (TT13). This approach allowed us to detect that TT8, a bHLH transcription factor, member of this FB pathway is required for the paternal genome dosage, as loss of function tt8, leads to complete rescue of the triploid block to seed development.

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TOP1α, UPF1, and TTG2 regulate seed size in a parental dosage–dependent manner

Cited by 11 publications

References 49 publications

Genomic Sequence of Canadian Chenopodium berlandieri: A North American Wild Relative of Quinoa

Genomic Sequence of Canadian Chenopodium berlandieri: A North American Wild Relative of Quinoa

Developing Genetic Engineering Techniques for Control of Seed Size and Yield

Maternal control of triploid seed development by the TRANSPARENT TESTA 8 (TT8) transcription factor in Arabidopsis thaliana

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