Top-down control of exogenous attentional selection is mediated by beta coherence in prefrontal cortex

A novel protocol for indirectly evaluating entrainment during tACS in humans

“…It will also be important for future research to consider the additional cognitive processes and brain regions involved in more complex behaviour. For example, attention is an additional non-motor cognitive process that is required to perform movement, and beta coherence in the pre-frontal cortex has recently been shown to mediate selective attention (Dubey et al, 2023). While evaluating IMC provides important insights into the effects of tACS, it cannot provide a complete picture of the cognitive processes involved in executing movements.…”

Beta and theta oscillations track effort and previous reward in human basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex during decision making

“…These beta modulations scale with movement effort 47 and track dopaminergic states related to reward [48][49][50] , particularly in the low beta frequencies (12-20 Hz) 51,52 . Recent studies suggest that beta oscillations in PFC may also play an important role in effortful cognitive functions, such as attention, cognitive control, and working memory [53][54][55][56][57] . However, it is unclear whether PFC oscillations in theta or beta frequencies code for value, reward, or effort during effort-based decision making.…”

STN-PFC circuit related to attentional fluctuations during non-movement decision-making

“…Attention is a core internal state variable that governs the allocation of limited resources depending on the task demands in various cognitive processes. Building on decades of functional neuroimaging research, two widespread cortical networks were characterized, including the dorsal attention network (DAN) and the salience network (SN) (Dubey, et al, 2023; Corbetta et al, 2002). The DAN is believed as neural basis of top-down attention: goals at higher levels inform the focus of attention at lower levels, while SN is believed as neural basis of bottom-up attention: stimulus at lower levels informs decisions regarding which information to attend to (Suzuki et al, 2013; Gregoriou, et al, 2014; Buckley et al, 2009; Buschman et al, 2015; Foxe et al, 2011; Seeley et al, 2007; Uddin et al, 2014).…”

“…Building on decades of functional neuroimaging research, two widespread cortical networks were characterized, including the dorsal attention network (DAN) and the salience network (SN) ( Dubey et al (2023); Corbetta and Shulman (2002) ). The DAN is believed as neural basis of topdown attention modulation, located in frontal and posterior parietal cortex (PPC).…”

“…Attention is a core internal state variable that governs the allocation of limited resources depending on the task demands in various cognitive processes. The attentional modulation has a hierarchical structure: goals at higher levels inform the focus of attention at lower levels (goal-directed top-down attention modulation), while stimulus at lower levels informs decisions regarding which information to attend to (stimulus-driven bottom-up attention modulation) (Suzuki and Gottlieb (2013) Building on decades of functional neuroimaging research, two widespread cortical networks were characterized, including the dorsal attention network (DAN) and the salience network (SN) (Dubey et al (2023)Corbetta and Shulman (2002)). The DAN is believed as neural basis of topdown attention modulation, located in frontal and posterior parietal cortex (PPC).…”