Top 13 Blendstocks Derived from Biomass for Mixing-Controlled Compression-Ignition (Diesel) Engines: Bioblendstocks with Potential for Decreased Emissions and Improved Operability

Toward low-cost biological and hybrid biological/catalytic conversion of cellulosic biomass to fuels

“…20,21 Evidence that cellulosic biofuels are needed to realize a low-carbon future has strengthened over the same period, 22 but the world increasingly looks to biofuels for carbon-neutral aviation and other heavy duty transport modes and to batteries and hydrogen to decarbonize light duty vehicles. [23][24][25] Given these trends, a strategic reset and increased consideration of alternatives to conventional processing paradigms appear to be warranted.…”

Bioderived ether design for low soot emission and high reactivity transport fuels

“…[5][6][7] Among various biofuels, low-net carbon emitting ethers in the diesel boiling range can be produced from biomass by various pathways. [8][9][10] They have favorable properties for use in engines, potentially enhancing performance and lowering tailpipe emissions. 11 For example, the International Council on Clean Transportation recognized bioderived dimethyl ether as a promising fuel candidate for reducing emissions from ships by 23-58%.…”

“…Saturated linear and branched ethers can be produced in large quantities by catalytic Guerbet coupling and dehydration of bioderived alcohols. [8][9][10] About 62% yield of C 8 -C 16 diesel-range ethers was achieved and maintained for 400 hours of time-on-stream operation when 10-50 ml min À1 of ethanol was fed to catalytic reactors. 9 Specically for 4-butoxyheptane, more than 700 g was produced from the 16 hour time-on-stream catalytic upgrading of butyrate obtained by Clostridium butyricum fermentation of corn stover.…”

Experimental Investigation of Cavitation-Induced Erosion Using X-Ray Imaging and Tomography

“…Another recent trend in diesel engine development is interest in alternative diesel fuels (ADF) (Riiff et al, 2017;Wei et al, 2018;Sun, 2020;Gaspar, 2021). ADFs include blendstocks that aim to reduce the fuel's environmental impact by using renewable sources for components.…”

“…However, an important requirement for these ADFs is maintaining engine performance compared to standard diesel. There have been many investigations on the effect of ADF blends on their spray and combustion characteristics (Park et al, 2009;Liu et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2015;Gaspar, 2021).…”