Top 10 Replicated Findings From Behavioral Genetics

Plomin, Robert; DeFries, John C.; Knopik, Valerie S.; Neiderhiser, Jenaè M.

doi:10.1177/1745691615617439

Cited by 451 publications

(454 citation statements)

References 158 publications

(222 reference statements)

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“…These results fit with the 'general genes hypothesis' -that the same genes often contribute to associated phenotypes (Eley 1997;Lahey and Waldman 2003;Plomin et al 2016), highlighting that genes often have pleiotropic effects. Furthermore, genetic influences contributed to a substantial amount of the phenotypic correlations both concurrently and longitudinally.…”

Section: ) Genetic and Environmental Overlap Between Diurnal Preferesupporting

confidence: 80%

Longitudinal Stability of Genetic and Environmental Influences on the Association between Diurnal Preference and Sleep Quality in Young Adult Twins and Siblings

et al. 2016

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Overlapping genetic influences have been implicated in diurnal preference and subjective sleep quality. Our overall aim was to examine overlapping concurrent and longitudinal genetic and environmental effects on diurnal preference and sleep quality over ~5 years. Behavioural genetic analyses were performed on data from the longitudinal British G1219 study of young adult twins and non-twin siblings. 1556 twins and siblings provided data on diurnal preference (MorningnessEveningness Questionnaire) and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and between phenotypes were largely accounted for by genetic factors (explaining between 60%-100% of the associations). All shared environmental effects were non-significant. Non-shared environmental influences played a smaller role on the associations between phenotypes (explaining between -.06%-40% of the associations). These results suggest that to some extent similar genes contribute to the stability of diurnal preference and sleep quality throughout young adulthood, but also that different genes play a part over this relatively short time-frame. While there was evidence of genetic overlap between phenotypes concurrently and longitudinally, the possible emergence of new genetic factors (or decline of previously associated factors) suggests that molecular genetic studies focussing on young adults should consider more tightly specified age-groups, given that genetic effects may be time-specific.

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Section: ) Genetic and Environmental Overlap Between Diurnal Preferesupporting

confidence: 80%

Longitudinal Stability of Genetic and Environmental Influences on the Association between Diurnal Preference and Sleep Quality in Young Adult Twins and Siblings

et al. 2016

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“…This might be one explanation why intelligence research seems to have higher power than other fields in psychology. Intelligence research is over a hundred years old and has provided several replicable findings, including the positive manifold (Van Der Maas et al, 2006) and the hierarchical structure of individual differences (McGrew, 2009), heritability of intelligence (Plomin, DeFries, Knopik, & Neiderhiser, 2016), relative stability of individual differences over the life span (Deary, Whalley, Lemmon, Crawford, & Starr, 2000), and many important results concerning the predictive power of intelligence tests in educational and socioeconomic contexts (Neisser et al, 1996;Strenze, 2007). This extensive literature has also offered many excellent measures of general intelligence and sub-domains of intelligence that show high reliabilities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another reason could be that the typical effect size in intelligence (r = .26) is slightly higher than the average effect size across the social sciences (r = .21; Richard, Bond, & Stokes-Zoota, 2003). Finally, measures in intelligence research typically have relatively high reliability, which could also explain the higher power compared to other fields (Hunt, 2010;Mackintosh, 2011;Plomin et al, 2016;Ritchie, 2015). However, even though the power in intelligence seems higher than in other fields, it is generally still much lower than the recommended 80%.…”

Section: Conclusion Impact Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Research: A Meta-Scientific Study of Problems and Solutions in Psychological Science

Nuijten¹

2018

Preprint

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SUMMARY DOCTORAL DISSERTATION: Psychology is facing a “replication crisis”. Many psychological findings could not be replicated in novel samples, which lead to the growing concern that many published findings are overly optimistic or even false. In this dissertation, we investigated potential indicators of problems in the published psychological literature. In Part I of this dissertation, we looked at inconsistencies in reported statistical results in published psychology papers. To facilitate our research, we developed the free tool statcheck; a “spellchecker” for statistics. In Part II, we investigated bias in published effect sizes. We showed that in the presence of publication bias, the overestimation of effects can become worse if you combine studies. Indeed, in meta-analyses from the social sciences we found strong evidence that published effects are overestimated. These are worrying findings, and it is important to think about concrete solutions to improve the quality of psychological research. Some of the solutions we propose are preregistration, replication, and transparency. We argue that to select the best strategies to improve psychological science, we need research on research: meta-research.

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“…Within psychology and medicine there has recently been a replication crisis (Maxwell et al, 2015;Schooler, 2014;Stroebe & Strack, 2014 Plomin et al (2016) for an elaboration of each finding. Generally, these results represent important scientific knowledge about human lives, and testify as such to the value of behavior genetics and twin studies.…”

Section: Selected Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The beauty, logic and limitations of twin studies

Røysamb¹,

Tambs²

2016

Nor J Epidemiol

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During the last fifty years more than 2700 twin studies have been published, examining the etiology of a high number of traits. Twin studies enable investigation of both genetic and environmental effects, and thereby also examination of causal factors involved in human traits and disorders. The beauty of twin studies resides in the potential of studying the unobserved by the logic of a design. The aim of this article is to outline central theoretical foundations and possible limitations, and to review selected key findings. We describe the inherent fundamentals of the classic and extended twin designs. The logic of the main analytic approaches is outlined, and the principles of univariate biometric modelling described. Next, we review different multivariate models, including the Cholesky, correlated factors, common factor, common pathway and phenotypic causality models. Additionally, the cotwin-control approach, representing a natural experimental design, and mimicking a counterfactual situation, is outlined. Central assumptions, threats and limitations of the twin design are discussed. In particular, we address the issue of missing heritability, non-random mating, the equal environment assumption and gene-environment correlations. Finally, we review some selected findings from the field of behavior genetics and twin studies.This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Top 10 Replicated Findings From Behavioral Genetics

Cited by 451 publications

References 158 publications

Longitudinal Stability of Genetic and Environmental Influences on the Association between Diurnal Preference and Sleep Quality in Young Adult Twins and Siblings

Longitudinal Stability of Genetic and Environmental Influences on the Association between Diurnal Preference and Sleep Quality in Young Adult Twins and Siblings

Research on Research: A Meta-Scientific Study of Problems and Solutions in Psychological Science

The beauty, logic and limitations of twin studies

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