“…Women’s use of intimate partner aggression (IPA) is similar in prevalence to men’s (Archer, 2000; Carney et al, 2007; Desmarais et al, 2012; Straus & Gelles, 1996), with estimated lifetime prevalence rates of 31.5% and past-year rates of 28.6% (Desmarais et al, 2012). Research indicates that women of diverse ages, races/ethnicities, and sexual orientations engage in IPA (Archer, 2000; Carney et al, 2007; Edwards et al, 2015; Hines & Douglas, 2009; Williams et al, 2008) and that it does not always occur in the context of IPA victimization (Leisring, 2011; Neal & Edwards, 2018; Straus, 1980). However, there are important differences between women and men’s use of IPA.…”