Top 10 plant‐parasitic nematodes in molecular plant pathology

Jones, John T.; Haegeman, Annelies; Danchin, Etienne G. J.; Gaur, H. S.; Helder, J.; Jones, M. G. K.; Kikuchi, Taisei; Manzanilla-López, R. H.; Palomares-Rius, Juan E.; Wesemael, Wim; Perry, R. N.

doi:10.1111/mpp.12057

Cited by 1,602 publications

(1,189 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…), or the pine wilt nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) (Jones et al 2013). However, no toxicity of fungal defense proteins for plantparasitic nematodes has, to our knowledge, been reported so far.…”

Section: Potential Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entomotoxic and nematotoxic lectins and protease inhibitors from fungal fruiting bodies

Sabotič

Ohm

Künzler

2015

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Fruiting bodies or sporocarps of dikaryotic (ascomycetous and basidiomycetous) fungi, commonly referred to as mushrooms, are often rich in entomotoxic and nematotoxic proteins that include lectins and protease inhibitors. These protein toxins are thought to act as effectors of an innate defense system of mushrooms against animal predators including fungivorous insects and nematodes. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the structures, target molecules, and regulation of the biosynthesis of the best characterized representatives of these fungal defense proteins, including galectins, beta-trefoil-type lectins, actinoporin-type lectins, beta-propeller-type lectins and beta-trefoil-type chimerolectins, as well as mycospin and mycocypin families of protease inhibitors. We also present an overview of the phylogenetic distribution of these proteins among a selection of fungal genomes and draw some conclusions about their evolution and physiological function. Finally, we present an outlook for future research directions in this field and their potential applications in medicine and crop protection.

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Section: Potential Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entomotoxic and nematotoxic lectins and protease inhibitors from fungal fruiting bodies

Sabotič

Ohm

Künzler

2015

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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“…2A) from the culture supernatant of the thuringiensin-deficient mutant strain CT-43-55 in class 2 (Fig. 1A) by HPLC and conducted a bioassay on second-stage juveniles (J2s) of the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (36), one of the most damaging plant-parasitic nematodes to global agriculture (37). As a result, the survival of M. incognita decreased with an increase in CT-A concentration (Fig.…”

Section: Ct-a Is a Nematicidal Compound Of B Thuringiensis Ct-43-bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of a Gene Operon for trans-Aconitic Acid, a Novel Nematicide from Bacillus thuringiensis

Du¹,

Cao²,

Shi

et al. 2017

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Edited by Ruma Banerjeetrans-Aconitic acid (TAA) is an isomer of cis-aconitic acid (CAA), an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle that is synthesized by aconitase. Although TAA production has been detected in bacteria and plants for many years and is known to be a potent inhibitor of aconitase, its biosynthetic origins and the physiological relevance of its activity have remained unclear. We have serendipitously uncovered key information relevant to both of these questions. Specifically, in a search for novel nematicidal factors from Bacillus thuringiensis, a significant nematode pathogen harboring many protein virulence factors, we discovered a high yielding component that showed activity against the plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita and surprisingly identified it as TAA. Comparison with CAA, which displayed a much weaker nematicidal effect, suggested that TAA is specifically synthesized by B. thuringiensis as a virulence factor. Analysis of mutants deficient in plasmids that were anticipated to encode virulence factors allowed us to isolate a TAA biosynthesis-related (tbr) operon consisting of two genes, tbrA and tbrB. We expressed the corresponding proteins, TbrA and TbrB, and characterized them as an aconitate isomerase and TAA transporter, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis of the TAA biosynthetic gene cluster revealed the association of the TAA genes with transposable elements relevant for horizontal gene transfer as well as a distribution across B. cereus bacteria and other B. thuringiensis strains, suggesting a general role for TAA in the interactions of B. cereus group bacteria with nematode hosts in the soil environment. This study reveals new bioactivity for TAA and the TAA biosynthetic pathway, improving our understanding of virulence factors employed by B. thuringiensis pathogenesis and providing potential implications for nematode management applications.

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“…More than 4100 species of these nematodes have been described, and new species are continually being identified [1]. Three major types of plant-parasitic nematodes have been described based on their distinct life cycles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Aphelenchoides spp [1]. To gain in-depth insights into the parasitic mechanism, genome sequences of nematodes with different life cycles were considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TheDitylenchus destructorgenome provides new insights into the evolution of plant parasitic nematodes

et al. 2016

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Plant-parasitic nematodes were found in 4 of the 12 clades of phylum Nematoda. These nematodes in different clades may have originated independently from their free-living fungivorous ancestors. However, the exact evolutionary process of these parasites is unclear. Here, we sequenced the genome sequence of a migratory plant nematode, Ditylenchus destructor. We performed comparative genomics among the free-living nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans and all the plant nematodes with genome sequences available. We found that, compared with C. elegans, the core developmental control processes underwent heavy reduction, though most signal transduction pathways were conserved. We also found D. destructor contained more homologies of the key genes in the above processes than the other plant nematodes. We suggest that Ditylenchus spp. may be an intermediate evolutionary history stage from free-living nematodes that feed on fungi to obligate plantparasitic nematodes. Based on the facts that D. destructor can feed on fungi and has a relatively short life cycle, and that it has similar features to both C. elegans and sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes from clade 12, we propose it as a new model to study the biology, biocontrol of plant nematodes and the interaction between nematodes and plants.

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Top 10 plant‐parasitic nematodes in molecular plant pathology

Cited by 1,602 publications

References 126 publications

Entomotoxic and nematotoxic lectins and protease inhibitors from fungal fruiting bodies

Entomotoxic and nematotoxic lectins and protease inhibitors from fungal fruiting bodies

Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of a Gene Operon for trans-Aconitic Acid, a Novel Nematicide from Bacillus thuringiensis

TheDitylenchus destructorgenome provides new insights into the evolution of plant parasitic nematodes

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