Toothfish crises, actor diversity and the emergence of compliance mechanisms in the Southern Ocean

Österblom, Henrik; Sumaila, U. Rashid

doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.04.013

Cited by 76 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Clear decision rules that relate the quota for the licensed fishery to the level of illegal fishing provided direct incentives for the industry to engage in monitoring and enforcement (17). A scientifically legitimate estimate of the imminent collapse of seabirds and fish stocks, combined with a high level of trust between actors, mobilized critical monitoring at sea and investigations with direct implications for CCAMLR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). Fisheries are monitored and managed by CCAMLR (Commission on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources), a bridging organization connecting governments, environmental nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), such as Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition (ASOC), and the licensed fishing industry through Coalition of Legal Toothfish Operators (COLTO), acting as observers or members in national delegations (17). CCAMLR was established in 1982.…”

Section: The Three Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the Toothfish fishery developed in the mid-1990s, it had very high levels of illegal fishing (18,19). This situation represented a major challenge for CCAMLR and required substantial adaptive capacity to address because illegal operators continuously change their activities, vessel color, name, and flag to escape detection and enforcement (17,20). Reducing illegal fishing has been critical to conserving Southern Ocean fish populations and globally threatened Antarctic seabirds of spiritual and symbolic value, which are caught as by-catch in fishing gear.…”

Section: The Three Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the GBR, key actors realized that the reef was not as pristine and resilient as previously believed (11). In the SO, key actors realized that illegal catches dominated the fisheries and that licensed fisheries, conservation activists, and governments had a shared interest in prohibiting illegal fisheries and the erosion of multiple values of the seascape (17).…”

Section: Development Of Adaptive Governancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Southern Ocean, quotas are substantially higher for the licensed industry because illegal fishing has been reduced (17). Given the limited knowledge about fish stocks dynamics in these remote areas, scientists have been unable to establish the effects on fish stocks from a reduction of illegal fishing.…”

Section: Effects On Natural Capitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Adaptive governance, ecosystem management, and natural capital

Schultz

Folke

Österblom

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

272

186

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To gain insights into the effects of adaptive governance on natural capital, we compare three well-studied initiatives; a landscape in Southern Sweden, the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, and fisheries in the Southern Ocean. We assess changes in natural capital and ecosystem services related to these social–ecological governance approaches to ecosystem management and investigate their capacity to respond to change and new challenges. The adaptive governance initiatives are compared with other efforts aimed at conservation and sustainable use of natural capital: Natura 2000 in Europe, lobster fisheries in the Gulf of Maine, North America, and fisheries in Europe. In contrast to these efforts, we found that the adaptive governance cases developed capacity to perform ecosystem management, manage multiple ecosystem services, and monitor, communicate, and respond to ecosystem-wide changes at landscape and seascape levels with visible effects on natural capital. They enabled actors to collaborate across diverse interests, sectors, and institutional arrangements and detect opportunities and problems as they developed while nurturing adaptive capacity to deal with them. They all spanned local to international levels of decision making, thus representing multilevel governance systems for managing natural capital. As with any governance system, internal changes and external drivers of global impacts and demands will continue to challenge the long-term success of such initiatives.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Three Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Three Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Development Of Adaptive Governancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects On Natural Capitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Adaptive governance, ecosystem management, and natural capital

Schultz

Folke

Österblom

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

272

186

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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What are the drivers of the occurrence of illegal fishing and conservation barriers of sturgeons in the Caspian Sea?

Aghilinejhad

Gorgin

Uhm

et al. 2018

Aquatic Conservation

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1. Overfishing, exacerbated by illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, is a serious threat to the conservation of the Caspian sturgeon populations, exposing them to the brink of extinction. This indicates the importance of investigating the causes and eliminating the consequences of the occurrence of IUU fishing.2. This study aimed to determine the barriers to sturgeon conservation, and to evaluate the importance of variables involved in the occurrence of IUU fishing in the southern Caspian Sea using field-and questionnaire-based surveys of 520 Iranian fishers and 40 fishery experts.3. Modelling the data using the Logit regression model indicated that several social, economic, conservation, and fishery-related variables (including fisheries knowledge, fish price, fishing method, fishing time, catch/vessel ownership, conservation importance, and penalty awareness) significantly contributed to the occurrence of illegal fishing. Fishers with poorer fisheries knowledge who owned fishing vessels were more likely to be involved in IUU fishing. In addition, fishers who were less concerned about sturgeon conservation and who used non-standard fishing gear at night had a higher probability of committing IUU fishing. 4. Exploring the opinions of fishery experts through the analytical hierarchy process also showed that economic, social, fishing, and conservation criteria were respectively attributed the highest weights as the contributing criteria to the occurrence of IUU fishing. 5. Overall, close associations were observed between the range of determinants, with the probability of the occurrence of IUU fishing indicating that illegal fishing is a complex event that should be studied in different dimensions because of the involvement of a combination of drivers. The knowledge obtained here can assist the relevant agencies in preventing this widespread problem, and with the practical rebuilding and more efficient conservation planning of sturgeon stocks.

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Guiding coral reef futures in the Anthropocene

Norström

Nyström

Jouffray

et al. 2016

Frontiers in Ecol & Environ

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Anthropogenic changes to the Earth now rival those caused by the forces of nature and have shepherded us into a new planetary epoch – the Anthropocene. Such changes include profound and often unexpected alterations to coral reef ecosystems and the services they provide to human societies. Ensuring that reefs and their services endure during the Anthropocene will require that key drivers of coral reef change – fishing, water quality, and anthropogenic climate change – stay within acceptable levels or “safe operating spaces”. The capacity to remain within these safe boundaries hinges on understanding the local, but also the increasingly global and cross‐scale, socioeconomic causes of these human drivers of change. Consequently, local and regional management efforts that are successful in the short term may ultimately fail if current decision making and institution‐building around coral reef systems remains fragmented, poorly coordinated, and unable to keep pace with the escalating speed of social, technological, and ecological change.

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Toothfish crises, actor diversity and the emergence of compliance mechanisms in the Southern Ocean

Cited by 76 publications

References 37 publications

Adaptive governance, ecosystem management, and natural capital

Adaptive governance, ecosystem management, and natural capital

What are the drivers of the occurrence of illegal fishing and conservation barriers of sturgeons in the Caspian Sea?

Guiding coral reef futures in the Anthropocene

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