Toothbrushing Versus Toothbrushing Plus Tongue Cleaning in Reducing Halitosis and Tongue Coating

Kuo, Ya Wen; Yen, Miaofen; Fetzer, Susan J.; Lee, Jiann Der

doi:10.1097/nnr.0b013e3182a53b3a

Cited by 31 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…Blom et al (2012) found 12 eligible studies and the most convincing evidence came from those that employed mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine and cetylpyridinium chloride, but no study demonstrated a benefit regarding coated tongue . Kuo et al (2013) performed a systematic review with meta‐analysis for the comparison of two types of oral hygiene (with and without tongue cleaning) . Five eligible randomized clinical trials were selected and the authors concluded that brushing the tongue reduced the degree of halitosis in comparison to tooth brushing alone, but no sufficient evidence was found regarding the tongue cleaning frequency, duration or method.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effect of photodynamic therapy for the treatment of halitosis in adolescents – a controlled, microbiological, clinical trial

Mota¹,

França²,

Prates³

et al. 2016

Journal of Biophotonics

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Halitosis can exert a negative influence on the social relations of adolescents and affect one's self-image. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on halitosis in adolescents. Forty-six individuals aged 12 to 19 years were randomly allocated: Group 1 - treatment with photodynamic therapy; Group 2 - treatment with a tongue scraper and Group 3 - treatment with a tongue scraper and photodynamic therapy. The count of bacterial colony-forming units per milliliter was used for the microbiological analysis. Statistical analysis involved the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test. ANOVA was used for the determination of colony-forming units after treatment. The level of significance for all statistical tests was 5% (p < 0.05). After treatment, a statistically significant reduction in total volatile sulfur compounds was found in all groups (p < 0.001), with the largest reduction (median: 0) found in Group 3 (tongue scraper and photodynamic therapy). Moreover, a statistically significant difference was found between treatment with aPDT and a tongue scraper alone (p < 0.001). The present findings demonstrate an option for the treatment of halitosis in adolescents, with an immediate effect and without the mechanical aggression to the toungue. Clinical Trials: NCT02007993.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effect of photodynamic therapy for the treatment of halitosis in adolescents – a controlled, microbiological, clinical trial

Mota¹,

França²,

Prates³

et al. 2016

Journal of Biophotonics

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“…A recent systematic review evaluated tooth brushing versus tooth brushing plus tongue cleaning. Combining tooth brushing with tongue cleaning significantly reduced tongue coating; however, there appeared to be insufficient evidence to recommend frequency, duration, or delivery method of tongue cleaning (Kuo et al 2013).…”

Section: Tongue Cleansingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of homecare regimens for mechanical plaque removal in managing gingivitis a meta review

Weijden

Slot

2015

J Clinic Periodontology

169

159

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Efficacy of homecare regimens for mechanical plaque removal in managing gingivitis a meta review Van Material & Methods: Three Internet sources were used (up to and including August 2014) to search for appropriate papers that satisfied the study purpose. Plaque scores and gingivitis scores were considered to be the primary parameter of interest. Safety was considered an important facet in relation to efficacy. Data and conclusions as presented in the selected papers were extracted. The potential risk of bias was estimated and the emerging evidence was graded. Results: Independent screening of 176 unique reviews resulted in 10 published and eligible systematic reviews. They were categorized into one review evaluating the effect of an oral hygiene instruction with a toothbrush on plaque and gingivitis scores, five evaluating the efficacy of manual and power toothbrushes and three reviews evaluating toothbrush safety and one evaluating toothbrush contamination. Conclusion: Tooth brushing is effective in reducing levels of dental plaque. With respect to gingivitis power toothbrushes have a benefit over manual toothbrushes. The greatest body of evidence was available for oscillating-rotating brushes. Tooth brushing generally can be considered safe for the teeth and their investing tissues.

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“…Recently Kuo et al. () concluded that the use of toothbrushing plus tongue cleaning compared with toothbrushing alone significantly reduced the indicators of halitosis. However, there was insufficient evidence to recommend frequency, duration, or delivery method of tongue cleaning.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the evidence for the beneficial effect of mechanical tongue cleaning in real oral malodour patients was weak since this could only be confirmed in one included study (Van der Sleen et al 2010). Recently Kuo et al (2013) concluded that the use of toothbrushing plus tongue cleaning compared with toothbrushing alone significantly reduced the indicators of halitosis. However, there was insufficient evidence to recommend frequency, duration, or delivery method of tongue cleaning.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of oral malodour. Medium‐term efficacy of mechanical and/or chemical agents: a systematic review

Slot

Geest

Weijden

et al. 2015

J Clinic Periodontology

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Focused question: What is the effect of a dentifrice (DF), a mouthwash (MW), tongue cleaning (TC), or any combination of these as adjunct to toothbrushing on intra-oral malodour and tongue coating as compared to toothbrushing alone in systemically healthy patients, when used for a minimum follow-up period of 2 weeks? Material and Methods: The MEDLINE-PubMed, Cochrane-CENTRAL and EMBASE databases were searched up to August 2014. Measurements of Volatile Sulphur Compounds and organoleptic scores of oral malodour were selected as outcome variables. Data were extracted and a descriptive analysis was performed. Results: Independent screening of 1054 unique papers resulted in 12 eligible clinical trials with a medium-term (≥2 weeks) duration. The majority of studies provided a significant reduction in oral malodour when evaluating products with an active ingredient (incorporated into a DF or a MW) used adjunctively to toothbrushing. The added value of tongue cleaning over a MW was evaluated in one study. Conclusion: Due to very limited evidence, the potential effect of a specifically formulated dentifrice, a mouthwash or a tongue scraper for treating oral malodour is, in general, unclear. For mouthwashes containing the active ingredients chlorhexidine + cetylpyridinium chloride + zinc (CHX + CPC + Zn) and zinc chloride + cetylpyridinium chloride (ZnCl + CPC) most evidence was available. The strength of a recommendation to use these products was graded to be 'weak'.

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Toothbrushing Versus Toothbrushing Plus Tongue Cleaning in Reducing Halitosis and Tongue Coating

Cited by 31 publications

References 36 publications

Effect of photodynamic therapy for the treatment of halitosis in adolescents – a controlled, microbiological, clinical trial

Effect of photodynamic therapy for the treatment of halitosis in adolescents – a controlled, microbiological, clinical trial

Efficacy of homecare regimens for mechanical plaque removal in managing gingivitis a meta review

Treatment of oral malodour. Medium‐term efficacy of mechanical and/or chemical agents: a systematic review

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