Tooth Crown Morphology in Turner and Klinefelter Syndrome Individuals from a Croatian Sample

Abstract

Objective Turner syndrome (TS) and Klinefelter syndrome (KS) represent the two most common X chromosome aneuploidies, each associated with systemic disruptions to growth and development. Effects of these conditions on tooth crown morphology are explored in a sample of Croatian individuals. Materials and Methods The sample included 57 TS, 37 KS and 88 control individuals. Dental crown morphology was scored on dental casts according to the Turner-Scott Dental Anthropology System. Results Incisor shoveling and the hypocone were significantly different between TS individuals and both control and KS individuals. Individuals with TS exhibit lower grades of expression than either group. Furthermore, the number of lingual cusps on the mandibular premolars, the hypoconulid on the mandibular second molar, and cusp 7 on the mandibular first molar were significantly different, though pair-wise comparisons did not elucidate these differences. Tuberculum dentale , distal accessory ridge, and Carabelli’s trait were expressed similarly to the control. KS individuals were not significantly different from control individuals for any trait, though this may be related to sample size. Conclusions Previous studies suggest the loss of an X chromosome has a reducing effect on dental crown morphology, which is confirmed in this research. TS individuals exhibit generally simpler dental morphology compared to the control sample, though some traits are expressed comparably to the control sample. The effects of KS are less clear. Though previous studies suggest that the presence of an extra X chromosome increases dental crown dimensions, there was no notable effect on crown morphology in this study.

Canine Crown Sexual Dimorphism in a Sample of the Modern Croatian Population

“…The excess of X chromosomes in males with Klinefelter syndrome results in thicker enamel and larger teeth, while the lack of the X chromosome in Turner syndrome females results in thinner enamel and consequently smaller teeth [29]. The investigation of crown morphology in a large sample of Turner syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome individuals from the Croatian population showed no difference in expression of the DAR when compared to healthy control individuals [30]. This is one more proof that canine morphology, although it correlates with size, is an independently expressed dental characteristic.…”

Comprehensive Oral Diagnosis and Management for Women with Turner Syndrome

“…The different studies independently report abnormal craniofacial growth, a reduction in the transverse dimensions of the maxilla, mandibular sagittal deficiency, a high palatal arch, cleft palate, and malocclusion in women diagnosed with TS [18][19][20]. Tooth anomalies are also reported, including alterations in the chronology of tooth eruption and in tooth number, shape, size and alignment in the dental arch [21][22][23][24][25]. However, none of these reports analyze specifically, and simultaneously, all the possible oral phenotypical signs and symptoms of TS.…”

Influência da deficiência de estrógeno na taxa de erupção dentária em modelo murino

“…Indivíduos portadores da Síndrome de Turner também demonstraram um resultado interessante quanto a morfologia coronária e radicular de alguns dentes. Além da morfologia simplificada presente nesses indivíduos, foi possível observar também defeitos na qualidade de esmalte (Nakayama et al, 2018;Ahiko et al, 2019;Maier et al, 2019). Em nosso estudo, as medidas referentes aos bordos incisais foram excluídas devido ao índice de fratura.…”

“…Alguns trabalhos apontam distúrbios da erupção dentária induzidos por deficiências no ligamento periodontal ocasionados pela deficiência de estrógeno (Popova et al, 2007;E et al, 2016). Bem como, osso alveolar e conformidade radicular (Ahiko et al, 2019;Nakayama et al, 2018;Maier et al, 2019).…”