Tooth-bound Fluoride and Dental Caries

Chow, Laurence C.

doi:10.1177/00220345900690s117

Cited by 48 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, this result is consistent with the current concept that successful resistance to carious challenges requires a continuing supply of inhibition products, rather than a static, limited, stored supply. 8 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of dental root surface caries 2: The role of cementum in root surface caries

McIntyre

Featherstone

2000

Australian Dental Journal

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Artificial caries lesions were produced in roots of teeth using an acetate buffer system, when the layer of cementum was either normal in thickness, excessively thickened by hypercementosis, or had been removed completely. The rates of lesion progression were measured in each case using polarized light microscopy to measure lesion depth. Analysis of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) loss during the demineralizing process was carried out. The removal of cementum was found to significantly increase the initial rate of penetration of the lesion into the root, although this rate progressively reduced to a level consistent with that found in normal roots after seven days of demineralization. The overall depth remained consistently greater than that observed in normal roots, or when lesions were produced entirely within hyperplastic cementum. Chemical analysis also showed removal of cementum resulted in an initial doubling of the Ca and P lost from the root surface. Prior direct exposure of segments of normal roots to the oral environment was found not to significantly alter the rate of artificial lesion progression, in comparison with that in the originally protected segment of the root surface. It was concluded that an intact cementum layer has the intrinsic ability to protect the underlying dentine of exposed tooth roots against acidic demineralization and that prior exposure to the oral environment does not significantly alter this ability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of dental root surface caries 2: The role of cementum in root surface caries

McIntyre

Featherstone

2000

Australian Dental Journal

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“…This study, which found no difference in lactate production following a fluoride dentifrice, employed pooled samples, which have been identified as a confounding factor in such measurements [Rankine et al, 1985;Vogel et al, 1990;Ekstrand et al, 1990]. A second mechanism by which fluoride may exert a cariostatic effect during demineralization involves a reduction in calcium phosphate solubility [Chow, 1990] and hence a reduction in the rate of dissolution of enamel mineral. Especially noteworthy in regard to this mechanism are studies suggesting that the observed very large effect of solution fluoride on enamel dissolution [Margolis and Moreno, 1990] may be attributed to the formation of fluorapatite (FAp) or partially fluoridated hydroxyapatite (OHAp) at the active sites of mineral destruction [Arends and Christoffersen, 1990].…”

mentioning

confidence: 82%

Changes in Lactate and Other Ions in Plaque and Saliva after a Fluoride Rinse and Subsequent Sucrose Administration

et al. 2002

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The purpose of this study was to examine plaque and saliva composition after a fluoride rinse and subsequent sucrose application. Fifteen subjects accumulated plaque for 48 h, and then rinsed with a fluoride rinse based on 228 µg/g (ppm) Na₂SiF₆ and some received no rinse. After 60 min, upper and lower buccal molar plaque samples and 1-min saliva samples were collected. The subjects then rinsed with 10% g/g sucrose solution, and 7 and 15 min later, a second and a third set of samples were collected. Plaque fluid and clarified saliva were then recovered from these samples by centrifugation, and the remaining plaque acid extracted. The plaque fluid, centrifuged saliva, and plaque extract samples were then analyzed using micro techniques for pH, free calcium, phosphate, organic acids (plaque fluid and saliva only) and fluoride. Considering both the fluoride rinse and no-rinse groups, the most notable compositional changes in saliva 7 min after the sucrose rinse were pH –0.40 unit, free calcium 0.42 mM, lactate 5.2 mM, phosphate –1.3 mM, and fluoride 2.8 µM; while in plaque fluid, the corresponding changes were pH –1.59 unit, free calcium 1.5 mM, lactate 35 mM, phosphate –1.6 mM and fluoride –26 µM. After sucrose rinsing, undersaturation was found with respect to dicalcium phosphate dihydrate in saliva and plaque fluid and with respect to tooth enamel in some plaque fluid samples. Plaque fluid composition appeared to be strongly influenced by salivary clearance, diffusive loss of ions into the water phase of the rinse, and lower jaw pooling of the sucrose and fluoride components of the rinses. After the experimental rinse, the fluoride concentration in plaque fluid [86 ± 22 mM (upper molar site), 162 ± 150 mM (lower molar site)], saliva (26 ± 18 mM), and whole plaque [99 ± 97 µg/g (upper molar site), 197 ± 412 µg/g (lower molar site)] was comparable to the values in previous studies using this rinse. These very high plaque fluid fluoride concentrations, compared with the ‘no-rinse’ samples, induced an approximately 0.3-unit increase in the plaque fluid pH 7 min after the sucrose rinse, a small decrease (approximately 20%) in lactate production and a modest increase in enamel saturation. Although these changes were all statistically significant, no correlation was found between the decrease in lactate concentration and plaque fluid fluoride, pH or whole plaque fluoride.

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“…Different solid solutions of fluorhydroxyapatite can form, depending on the fluoride concentration in the solution (Driessens, 1982;LeGeros, 1991). It is an important consideration that when a tooth surface is equilibrated with oral fluids containing fluoride, the most stable phase of fluorhydroxyapatite is produced, which effectively maximizes the stability of the tooth mineral in the oral environment (Chow, 1990;Shellis and Duckworth, 1994). Topical treatment of tooth enamel with acidic fluoride-containing solutions or fluoride-releasing compounds leads to formation of CaF2 or phosphate-containing CaF2-like materials, which are viewed as a potential reservoir source for solution ionic fluoride (Nelson et al, 1983).…”

Section: Fluoride In Apatite Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Fluoride On Apatite Structure and Growth

Aoba

1997

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

186

120

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Fluoride participates in many aspects of calcium phosphate formation in vivo and has enormous effects on the process and on the nature and properties of formed mineral. The most well-documented effect of fluoride is that this ion substitutes for a column hydroxyl in the apatite structure, giving rise to a reduction of crystal volume and a concomitant increase in structural stability. In the process of enamel mineralization during amelogenesis (a unique model for the cell-mediated formation of well-crystallized carbonatoapatite), free fluoride ions in the fluid phase are supposed to accelerate the hydrolysis of acidic precursor(s) and increase the driving force for the growth of apatitic mineral. Once fluoride is incorporated into the enamel mineral, the ion likely affects the subsequent mineralization process by reducing the solubility of the mineral and thereby modulating the ionic composition in the fluid surrounding the mineral, and enhancing the matrix protein-mineral interaction. But excess fluoride leads to anomalous enamel formation by retarding tissue maturation. It is worth noting that enameloid/enamel minerals found in vertebrate teeth have a wide range of CO3 and fluoride substitutions. In the evolutionary process from elasmobranch through teleost enameloid to mammalian enamel, the biosystems appear to develop regulatory functions for limiting the fluoridation of the formed mineral, but this development is accompanied by an increase of carbonate substitution or defects in the mineral. In research on the cariostatic effect of fluoride, considerable emphasis is placed on the roles of free fluoride ions (i.e., preventing the dissolution and accelerating the kinetics of remineralization) in the oral fluid bathing tooth mineral. Fluoride also has been used for the treatment of osteoporosis, but much still remains to be learned about maximizing the benefit and minimizing the risk of fluoride when used as a public health measure.

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Tooth-bound Fluoride and Dental Caries

Cited by 48 publications

References 41 publications

Studies of dental root surface caries 2: The role of cementum in root surface caries

Studies of dental root surface caries 2: The role of cementum in root surface caries

Changes in Lactate and Other Ions in Plaque and Saliva after a Fluoride Rinse and Subsequent Sucrose Administration

The Effect of Fluoride On Apatite Structure and Growth

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