Tooth agenesis in German orthodontic patients with non-syndromic craniofacial disorder: a retrospective evaluation of panoramic radiographs

Abstract

Objectives The study objective was to evaluate the tooth agenesis in German orthodontic patients with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate and Robin sequence compared to a control group without craniofacial disorder. Materials/methods A total of 108 panoramic radiographs were examined using the binary system of Tooth Agenesis Code (TAC) (excluding the third molar). Patients were divided into the craniofacial disorder group 1 (n = 43) and the healthy control group 2 (n = 65). Parameters such as skeletal class malformation, sex, localization of the cleft, craniofacial disorder, and interobserver reliability were assessed. Results Permanent tooth agenesis was observed in 44% of group 1 and 14% in group 2 with a statistically significant higher prevalence (p = 0.00162 (χ2)). Fourteen different TAC patterns were observed in group 1, ten of these occurring only once in separate patients. The distribution of the TAC codes in group 2 showed nine different possibilities of TAC code patterns; seven TACs were unique. In group 1, the most frequently absent teeth were the maxillary lateral incisor of the left side (30%); in group 2, the second premolar of the lower jaw on the right side (9%). Male patients with craniofacial disorder showed a higher percentage of tooth agenesis than female. Conclusion The data presented here shows a statistically significant higher prevalence of tooth agenesis in German patients with non-syndromic craniofacial disorder. Clinical relevance Radiographic evaluation enables the diagnosis of tooth agenesis. Recognizing early on the higher prevalence of tooth agenesis in patients exhibiting a craniofacial disorder is an important issue when developing long-term and comprehensive interdisciplinary treatment.

Maxillary canine position of patients with non-syndromic craniofacial disorder: a retrospective evaluation of panoramic radiographs

“…In the current study, the location of the canines was assessed using visual diagnosis of the examiners without an exact standardized scaling of the PAN. In a previous study, tooth agenesis of patients with CL/P or RS were assessed by the same two examiners, and comparably to the current study, the kappa value showed a moderate degree of agreement [ 48 ]. This study was performed under the same conditions as the current one.…”

“…Generally, in this study cleft-sided canines have shown a higher risk for dislocation and malposition compared to the non-cleft-sided ones. Not only this latter has to be considered in orthodontic treatment of patients with CD, also the correlation with tooth agenesis [ 48 ]. Several authors described that displacement and impaction coincide with tooth agenesis, specifically regarding the lateral incisor [ 21 , 45 , 49 ].…”

Maxillary canine position of patients with non-syndromic craniofacial disorder – a retrospective evaluation of panoramic radiographs

“…The remaining radiographic assessed parameters had moderate degrees of agreement for both examiners. Compared to a study about evaluation of the tooth agenesis of patients with CL/P or RS assessed by the same two examiners, like in the current study, the kappa value showed a moderate degree of agreement, likewise [52]. This study was performed under the same conditions as the current one.…”

Prevalence and Patterns of Congenitally Missing Teeth among Pediatric Patients Aged 8 - 16 in Pusan National University Dental Hospital

“…TAC를 이용하면 결손이 된 치아의 번호를 일렬로 나열하 지 않아도 한 분악 내 어떤 치아가 결손이 되었는지 알 수 있으 며, 4분악의 TAC값을 함께 나타내면 전악에서 결손된 모든 치 아를 한 번에 나타낼 수 있다. 이를 응용하면 상-하악 및 악궁 전체에서 빈번하게 함께 결손이 되는 치아의 유형을 알 수 있다 [4,5,8,14].…”

“…TAC를 이용하면 결손이 된 치아들을 하나의 숫자로 나타낼 수 있을 뿐 만 아니라, 특정 유전자 변이를 가진 환자들의 공통된 TAC값은 그 유전자 변이와 관련된 표현형으로 생각할 수 있다 [5]. 이 사 실을 기반으로, 최근에는 TAC를 이용하여 구순 구개열 환자들 의 영구치 결손 유형을 분류하는 연구가 행해지고 있다 [14,15]. [18].…”