Tools to Study Cell Mechanics and Mechanotransduction

Lele, Tanmay P.; Sero, Julia E.; Matthews, Benjamin D.; Kumar, Sanjay; Xia, Shannon; Montoya-Zavala, Martín; Polte, Thomas R.; Overby, Darryl R.; Wang, Ning; Ingber, Donald E.

doi:10.1016/s0091-679x(07)83019-6

Cited by 48 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…3D cultures can also be used to apply strain on cells, using atomic force microscopy, traction force microscopy, laser severing or magnetic-driven deformation (reviewed by Eyckmans et al, 2011;Lee et al, 2011;Lele et al, 2007) (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Models With No Gridmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physics of organoids: a biophysical approach to understanding organogenesis

Dahl-Jensen

Grapin-Botton

2017

Development

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Organoids representing a diversity of tissues have recently been created, bridging the gap between cell culture and experiments performed in vivo. Being small and amenable to continuous monitoring, they offer the opportunity to scrutinize the dynamics of organ development, including the exciting prospect of observing aspects of human embryo development live. From a physicist's perspective, their ability to self-organize -to differentiate and organize cells in space -calls for the identification of the simple rules that underlie this capacity. Organoids provide tractable conditions to investigate the effects of the growth environment, including its molecular composition and mechanical properties, along with the initial conditions such as cell number and type(s). From a theoretical standpoint, different types of in silico modeling can complement the measurements performed in organoids to understand the role of chemical diffusion, contact signaling, differential cell adhesion and mechanical controls. Here, we discuss what it means to take a biophysical approach to understanding organogenesis in vitro and how we might expect such approaches to develop in the future.

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Section: Models With No Gridmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physics of organoids: a biophysical approach to understanding organogenesis

Dahl-Jensen

Grapin-Botton

2017

Development

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“…It is possible to stimulate a cell locally by pressing on it with a blunt pipette (Coste et al, 2010), by applying a local water flow (Sà nchez et al, 2007), by pushing or pulling with an atomic force microscopic cantilever (Beyder and Sachs, 2009), or by pulling on it with a magnetic bead (Lele et al, 2007). These stimuli do not produce uniform stress but spatial gradients in two and three dimensions that decrease with distance from the probe (Radmacher, 2007).…”

Section: The Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular force transduction by ion channels – diversity and unifying principles

Sukharev

Sachs

2012

Journal of Cell Science

147

140

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SummaryCells perceive force through a variety of molecular sensors, of which the mechanosensitive ion channels are the most efficient and act the fastest. These channels apparently evolved to prevent osmotic lysis of the cell as a result of metabolite accumulation and/or external changes in osmolarity. From this simple beginning, nature developed specific mechanosensitive enzymes that allow us to hear, maintain balance, feel touch and regulate many systemic variables, such as blood pressure. For a channel to be mechanosensitive it needs to respond to mechanical stresses by changing its shape between the closed and open states. In that way, forces within the lipid bilayer or within a protein link can do work on the channel and stabilize its state. Ion channels have the highest turnover rates of all enzymes, and they can act as both sensors and effectors, providing the necessary fluxes to relieve osmotic pressure, shift the membrane potential or initiate chemical signaling. In this Commentary, we focus on the common mechanisms by which mechanical forces and the local environment can regulate membrane protein structure, and more specifically, mechanosensitive ion channels.

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“…Similarly, an early magnetic microscope developed in 1923 [103] was used to oscillate nickel particles (~16 μm in diameter) inserted into living cells. Aside from the similarities to modern particle micro-rheology [19,20,100,101], this approach is similar in concept to magnetic bead-twisting cytometry [104][105][106]. An early example of magnetic manipulation also involved injecting iron particles into bacteria and observing how fast they were attracted to an electromagnet [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An historical perspective on cell mechanics

Pelling

Horton

2007

Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol

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The physical properties of the protoplasm have long been of interest, and today, several intricate methods, including atomic force microscopy, have been employed in studies of cellular mechanics. However, many current concepts and experimental approaches actually have their beginnings over 300 years ago. Unfortunately, these pioneering studies have been all but forgotten. In this paper, we have reviewed some of the early literature on cellular mechanics to place modern work within an historical framework. It is clear that with current nanoscience approaches, modern experiments employing cell indentation, manipulation, particle rheology and micro-or nano-needle poking are now quantifying mechanical properties which were only qualitatively described 100 years ago. Aside from the variety of approaches our predecessors have employed to understand cellular mechanics, we feel an understanding of the past will help to propel nanoscience into the future. As nanophysiology and nanomedicine are developing, we as a community should take time to consider the early roots of these fields.

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Tools to Study Cell Mechanics and Mechanotransduction

Cited by 48 publications

References 76 publications

The physics of organoids: a biophysical approach to understanding organogenesis

The physics of organoids: a biophysical approach to understanding organogenesis

Molecular force transduction by ion channels – diversity and unifying principles

An historical perspective on cell mechanics

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