Tools and methods of 3d scanning for creating phantom models of architectural objects

Abstract

The article describes the latest innovative 3D technologies in the architectural activity of fixing and preserving architectural objects. The basic principles and methods of obtaining physical data about a certain object using 3D scanning, photogrammetry, thermal imaging and other means are given. Processing, analysis and integration in BIM and GIS systems. Method of using data from Point Cloud, BIM & GIS systems during architectural design. This article also provides an example of the use of equipment from the developer Leica, namely the ground laser scanning devices Leica RTC 360 and BLK 360. The process of obtaining data of an existing building, data processing in specialized software tools, outputting data for further use in BIM/CAD programs is described. , creating a 3D model in BIM/CAD programs (Revit/Sketchup), creating photorealistic images, as well as creating an interactive virtual model based on 3D, with the possibility of connecting VR equipment. BIM scanning plays a special role in restoration processes and related types of work, when it is necessary to investigate and record a historical building for preventive purposes, later - to create a BIM model, to investigate structures and energy efficiency after restoration. The creation of several BIM options for reconstruction or fixation, conservation or revitalization of a certain object allows you to choose the best option and subsequently speed up the process of creating technical documentation. Implementation of 3D scanning methods is a promising direction of digitalization of architectural objects. It provides opportunities to create a preventive database of phantom models of objects for their reproduction after the end of hostilities and a promising direction for the development of new technologies for performing repair and restoration works.