Toolbox for the Extraction and Quantification of Ochratoxin A and Ochratoxin Alpha Applicable for Different Pig and Poultry Matrices

Streit, Barbara; Czabany, Tibor; Weingart, Georg; Marchetti‐Deschmann, Martina; Prasad, Shreenath

doi:10.3390/toxins14070432

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(56 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the reviewed studies, free OTA was found in all biological fluids studied, being more prevalent than its metabolites, which supports the low level of OTA biotransformation reported by some authors [129]. Regarding its metabolites, OTα was detected in feces and urine [109,114], and only small amounts were detected for OTB, the hydroxylated form of OTA, or phase II metabolites. Therefore, the parent compound was proposed as an OTA biomarker of exposure in both excreta and plasma samples [100,109,130].…”

Section: Biomarkers Of Exposuresupporting

confidence: 72%

“…The most commonly used extraction, clean-up, and enrichment procedures were liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) using various organic solvents (64% of the articles reviewed). Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) [44,100,109,114,116,126], ACN [39,44,48,49,107,116,118,119], MeOH [111,113,125], and their mixtures, such as MeOH/ACN [111], MeOH/EtOAc [44] and ACN/H 2 O [111,115,121,124], were the most commonly used solvents for mycotoxin LLE. Acid solutions were also employed to alter protein binding, thereby enhancing extraction efficiency [44,49,109,111,113,115,116,121].…”

Section: Biomarkers Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…After feeding pigs using an OTA-contaminated diet, this mycotoxin was quantified in biological samples [114,116,122]. Low levels of OTα (lower than that of OTA) were also detected, and it may be considered as a biomarker of OTA in pigs [114,117].…”

Section: Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…OTA and OTα were the main biomarkers identified in the plasma and excreta of broilers after OTA administration [44,100,114]. Other metabolites were searched for in these matrices but were not present (or only in trace amounts).…”

Section: Poultrymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Monitoring Mycotoxin Exposure in Food-Producing Animals (Cattle, Pig, Poultry, and Sheep)

Muñoz-Solano,

Lizarraga Pérez,

González-Peñas

2024

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Food-producing animals are exposed to mycotoxins through ingestion, inhalation, or dermal contact with contaminated materials. This exposure can lead to serious consequences for animal health, affects the cost and quality of livestock production, and can even impact human health through foods of animal origin. Therefore, controlling mycotoxin exposure in animals is of utmost importance. A systematic literature search was conducted in this study to retrieve the results of monitoring exposure to mycotoxins in food-producing animals over the last five years (2019–2023), considering both external exposure (analysis of feed) and internal exposure (analysis of biomarkers in biological matrices). The most commonly used analytical technique for both approaches is LC-MS/MS due to its capability for multidetection. Several mycotoxins, especially those that are regulated (ochratoxin A, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, aflatoxins, fumonisins, T-2, and HT-2), along with some emerging mycotoxins (sterigmatocystin, nivalenol, beauvericin, enniantins among others), were studied in 13,818 feed samples worldwide and were typically detected at low levels, although they occasionally exceeded regulatory levels. The occurrence of multiple exposure is widespread. Regarding animal biomonitoring, the primary objective of the studies retrieved was to study mycotoxin metabolism after toxin administration. Some compounds have been suggested as biomarkers of exposure in the plasma, urine, and feces of animal species such as pigs and poultry. However, further research is required, including many other mycotoxins and animal species, such as cattle and sheep.

show abstract

Section: Biomarkers Of Exposuresupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Biomarkers Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Poultrymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Monitoring Mycotoxin Exposure in Food-Producing Animals (Cattle, Pig, Poultry, and Sheep)

Muñoz-Solano,

Lizarraga Pérez,

González-Peñas

2024

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Enzymatic degradation of ochratoxin A in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets

Prasad¹,

Streit²,

Gruber³

et al. 2023

Journal of Animal Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Animal feeds are often contaminated with ochratoxin A (OTA), a potent natural mycotoxin hazardous to animal and human health that accumulates in blood and tissues. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the in vivo application of an enzyme (OTA amidohydrolase; OAH) that degrades OTA into the non-toxic molecules phenylalanine and ochratoxin α (OTα) in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of pigs. Piglets were fed six experimental diets over 14 days, varying in OTA contamination level (50 or 500 μg/kg; OTA50 and OTA500) and presence of OAH; a negative control diet (no OTA added) and a diet containing OTα at 318 µg/kg. The absorption of OTA and OTα into the systemic circulation (plasma and dried blood spots, DBS), their accumulation in kidney, liver, and muscle tissues and in the digesta content of the GIT, and excretion through feces and urine were assessed. At the end of the trial, accumulation of OTA in blood was significantly higher in OTA groups (OTA50 and OTA500) in comparison to enzyme groups (OAH50 and OAH500, respectively). The supplementation of OAH explicitly reduced the absorption of OTA (P < 0.005) into plasma by 54% and 59% (from 40.53 ± 3.53 to 18.66 ± 2.28 ng/mL in piglets fed the 50 μg OTA/kg diets and from 413.50 ± 71.88 to 168.35 ± 41.02 ng/mL in piglets fed the 500 μg OTA/kg diets, respectively) and in DBS by 50% and 53% (from 22.79 ± 2.63 to 10.67 ± 1.93 ng/mL in piglets fed the 50 μg OTA/kg diets and from 232.85 ± 35.16 to 105.71 ± 24.18 ng/mL in piglets fed the 500 μg OTA/kg diets, respectively). The OTA concentrations in plasma were positively associated with the OTA levels detected in all tissues analyzed; adding OAH reduced OTA levels in the kidney, liver, and muscle (P < 0.005) by 52%, 67%, and 59%, respectively. The analysis of GIT digesta content showed that OAH supplementation led to OTA degradation in the proximal GIT where natural hydrolysis is inefficient. Overall, the data of present in-vivo study demonstrate that supplementation of swine feeds with OAH successfully reduced OTA levels in blood (plasma and DBS) as well as in kidney, liver, and muscle tissues. Therefore, an approach to use enzyme as feed additive might be most promising to mitigate the harmful effects of OTA on the productivity and welfare of pigs and at the same time improving the safety of pig-derived food products.

show abstract

Electrochemical Aptasensor Based on ZnO-Au Nanocomposites for the Determination of Ochratoxin A in Wine and Beer

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is positively correlated with an increased risk of developing cancer in nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic patients. Therefore, it is of great significance for the highly sensitive, highly selective, and timely detection of OTA. We described here an electrochemical aptasensor for OTA analysis, which took advantage of the favorable properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized zinc oxide (ZnO) composites and the intercalative binding between methylene blue (MB) and nucleic acid. There were two label-free aptamers: one to capture OTA and another serving as complementary DNA (cDNA), enabling connection to the ZnO-Au composite’s immobilized electrode. Once OTA was present, the aptamer could capture OTA and detach from the electrode interface, thus, preventing MB from accessing electrode surface for efficient electron transfer; a decreased peak current was monitored by differential pulse voltammetry. The aptasensor presented nice analytical performance for OTA detection in the range of 0.1–30,000 pg·mL−1, with a detection limit of 0.05 pg·mL−1. Moreover, the developed biosensor could be applied to actual sample (wine and beer) analysis.

show abstract

Toolbox for the Extraction and Quantification of Ochratoxin A and Ochratoxin Alpha Applicable for Different Pig and Poultry Matrices

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

Monitoring Mycotoxin Exposure in Food-Producing Animals (Cattle, Pig, Poultry, and Sheep)

Monitoring Mycotoxin Exposure in Food-Producing Animals (Cattle, Pig, Poultry, and Sheep)

Enzymatic degradation of ochratoxin A in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets

Electrochemical Aptasensor Based on ZnO-Au Nanocomposites for the Determination of Ochratoxin A in Wine and Beer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About