Too many ways to make a muscle: Evolution of GRNs governing myogenesis

Andrikou, Carmen; Arnone, Maria Ina

doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2015.03.005

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 142 publications

(138 reference statements)

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“…MRFs are notably able, when overexpressed, to transform fibroblasts into myoblasts (Davis et al, 1987). They are also present in non-vertebrate bilaterians where they similarly regulate specification and differentiation of striated muscles (reviewed in Andrikou and Arnone, 2015). The four vertebrate MRF paralogs— Myf5, MyoD, Mrf4 , and Myogenin —resulted from vertebrate specific duplications; therefore, only one MRF ortholog, usually called MyoD, is found in most non-vertebrate bilaterian groups.…”

Section: Molecular Characterization Of Muscles In Cnidariansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are involved in various functions of the body and are well characterized in various vertebrate and main non-vertebrate models (reviewed in Schmidt-Rhaesa, 2007; Bryson-Richardson and Currie, 2008; Bentzinger et al, 2012; Andrikou and Arnone, 2015; Almada and Wagers, 2016). In bilaterians, muscles are rich in myofilaments (organized arrays composed principally of actin and myosin II) and present two basic types of cells: true muscle cells (myocytes) and myoepithelial cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smooth and striated muscle cells can either be mono- or multinucleated, as described for example in Drosophila (Susic-Jung et al, 2012). Although myogenesis, muscle physiology and muscle regeneration have been extensively described and studied in bilaterians (reviewed in Bryson-Richardson and Currie, 2008; Bentzinger et al, 2012; Andrikou and Arnone, 2015; Almada and Wagers, 2016), less is known about their evolutionary origin(s) (Dayraud et al, 2012; Steinmetz et al, 2012; Brunet et al, 2016) as well as function, development and plasticity of muscles in non-bilaterian animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity of Cnidarian Muscles: Function, Anatomy, Development and Regeneration

Leclère

Röttinger

2017

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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The ability to perform muscle contractions is one of the most important and distinctive features of eumetazoans. As the sister group to bilaterians, cnidarians (sea anemones, corals, jellyfish, and hydroids) hold an informative phylogenetic position for understanding muscle evolution. Here, we review current knowledge on muscle function, diversity, development, regeneration and evolution in cnidarians. Cnidarian muscles are involved in various activities, such as feeding, escape, locomotion and defense, in close association with the nervous system. This variety is reflected in the large diversity of muscle organizations found in Cnidaria. Smooth epithelial muscle is thought to be the most common type, and is inferred to be the ancestral muscle type for Cnidaria, while striated muscle fibers and non-epithelial myocytes would have been convergently acquired within Cnidaria. Current knowledge of cnidarian muscle development and its regeneration is limited. While orthologs of myogenic regulatory factors such as MyoD have yet to be found in cnidarian genomes, striated muscle formation potentially involves well-conserved myogenic genes, such as twist and mef2. Although satellite cells have yet to be identified in cnidarians, muscle plasticity (e.g., de- and re-differentiation, fiber repolarization) in a regenerative context and its potential role during regeneration has started to be addressed in a few cnidarian systems. The development of novel tools to study those organisms has created new opportunities to investigate in depth the development and regeneration of cnidarian muscle cells and how they contribute to the regenerative process.

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Section: Molecular Characterization Of Muscles In Cnidariansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity of Cnidarian Muscles: Function, Anatomy, Development and Regeneration

Leclère

Röttinger

2017

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…Muscle identity is determined by the cooperation of Myf5, Mrf4 and MyoD (Braun et al, 1994;Summerbell et al, 2002;Kassar-Duchossoy et al, 2004), whereas myogenin is required for differentiation in all parts of the head and body (Nabeshima et al, 1993;Hasty et al, 1993). By contrast, MRF-family genes play a less central role in development of skeletal muscle-like muscles in various non-chordate clades (Andrikou and Arnone, 2015;Dobi et al, 2015;Moncaut et al, 2013). The sole Drosophila MRF-family homologue, nautilus (nau), is myogenic when expressed ectopically (Keller et al, 1997), but it is only expressed in a subset of founder cell myoblasts (Michelson et al, 1990), and it is required in vivo for founder cell patterning of the somatic musculature (Wei et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specific comparisons of gene families employed in vertebrate and invertebrate myogenesis have been reviewed extensively elsewhere (Buckingham and Relaix, 2007;Ciglar and Furlong, 2009;Moncaut et al, 2013;Andrikou and Arnone, 2015). Here, we analyze the expression dynamics and functions of Tbx1 and Ebf homologues in the specification of two clonally distinct populations of pharyngeal muscle precursors in the simple chordate, Ciona.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rewiring of an ancestral Tbx1/10-Ebf-Mrf network for pharyngeal muscle specification in distinct embryonic lineages

Tolkin

Christiaen

2016

Development

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Skeletal muscles arise from diverse embryonic origins in vertebrates, yet converge on extensively shared regulatory programs that require muscle regulatory factor (MRF)-family genes. Myogenesis in the tail of the simple chordate Ciona exhibits a similar reliance on its single MRF-family gene, and diverse mechanisms activate Ci-Mrf. Here, we show that myogenesis in the atrial siphon muscles (ASMs) and oral siphon muscles (OSMs), which control the exhalant and inhalant siphons, respectively, also requires Mrf. We characterize the ontogeny of OSM progenitors and compare the molecular basis of Mrf activation in OSM versus ASM. In both muscle types, Ebf and Tbx1/10 are expressed and function upstream of Mrf. However, we demonstrate that regulatory relationships between Tbx1/10, Ebf and Mrf differ between the OSM and ASM lineages. We propose that Tbx1, Ebf and Mrf homologs form an ancient conserved regulatory state for pharyngeal muscle specification, whereas their regulatory relationships might be more evolutionarily variable.

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