Too Fat to Fit through the Door: First Evidence for Disturbed Body-Scaled Action in Anorexia Nervosa during Locomotion

Keizer, Anouk; Smeets, Monique A. M.; Dijkerman, H. Chris; Uzunbajakau, Siarhei; Elburg, Annemarie van; Postma, Albert

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0064602

Cited by 134 publications

(163 citation statements)

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“…As stated above, patients with eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa, are thought to have deficits in the way they experience their own body, specifically by overestimating their actual body size (Slade and Russell 1973; Keizer et al 2013). This body size overestimation may therefore also be apparent, albeit to a lesser extent, for those with higher eating-disorder psychopathology in the healthy population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it has also been suggested that those with eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa, have a deficit in body perception. Many studies have shown anorexia patients to overestimate their body size (Slade and Russell 1973; Smeets 1999; Keizer et al 2011, 2013), although this phenomenon is still disputed (Cornelissen et al 2013). However, we do know that experimental modulation of perceived body size has a direct effect on body satisfaction in healthy individuals (Preston and Ehrsson 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Illusory Obesity Triggers Body Dissatisfaction Responses in the Insula and Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Preston

Ehrsson

2016

Cereb. Cortex

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In today's Western society, concerns regarding body size and negative feelings toward one's body are all too common. However, little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying negative feelings toward the body and how they relate to body perception and eating-disorder pathology. Here, we used multisensory illusions to elicit illusory ownership of obese and slim bodies during functional magnetic resonance imaging. The results implicate the anterior insula and the anterior cingulate cortex in the development of negative feelings toward the body through functional interactions with the posterior parietal cortex, which mediates perceived obesity. Moreover, cingulate neural responses were modulated by nonclinical eating-disorder psychopathology and were attenuated in females. These results reveal how perceptual and affective body representations interact in the human brain and may help explain the neurobiological underpinnings of eating-disorder vulnerability in women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Illusory Obesity Triggers Body Dissatisfaction Responses in the Insula and Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Preston

Ehrsson

2016

Cereb. Cortex

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“…Like all mental illnesses, eating disorders are in part illnesses of interpretation—of meaning-creation gone wrong. The distortions involved may range from low-level perceptual and motor discrimination17 to high-level conceptual configurations,18 and interpretive prompts like works of fiction may intervene at multiple levels. Eating disorders thus offer a lens through which to study the ways in which interpretive activity can change under conditions of psychopathology, while interpretation can be seen as one of the fundamental dimensions on which the condition of disordered eating—like all other mental health conditions—is manifested.…”

Section: Narrative Interpretation Mental Health and Eating Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiction-reading for good or ill: eating disorders, interpretation and the case for creative bibliotherapy research

Troscianko

2018

Med Humanities

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Compared with self-help bibliotherapy, little is known about the efficacy of creative bibliotherapy or the mechanisms of its possible efficacy for eating disorders or any other mental health condition. It is clear, however, that fiction is widely used informally as a therapeutic or antitherapeutic tool and that it has considerable potential in both directions, with a possibly significant distinction between the effects of reading fiction about eating disorders (which may-contrary to theoretical predictions-be broadly negative in effect) or one's preferred genre of other fiction (which may be broadly positive). Research on creative bibliotherapy, especially systematic experimental research, is lacking and requires a medical humanities approach, drawing on knowledge and methods from psychology and cognitive literary studies as well as clinical disciplines to expand our understanding of how the dynamic processes of interpretation mediate between textual structures and characteristics of mental health and illness.

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“…Intriguingly, recent results have revealed that individuals with anorexia show evidence for overestimation of body size in implicit action-based tasks (Guardia et al, 2010(Guardia et al, , 2012Keizer et al, 2013). Critically, these studies are less susceptible than overt size estimates to the critique of implicitly reflecting attitudes towards the body, rather than distorted body representation per se (cf.…”

Section: Implications For Clinical Disorders Of Body Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit and Explicit Body Representations

Longo

2015

European Psychologist

127

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Several forms of perception require that sensory information be referenced to representations of the size and shape of the body. This requirement is especially acute in somatosensation in which the main receptor surface (i.e., the skin) is itself coextensive with the body. In this paper I will review recent research investigating the body representations underlying somatosensory information processing, including abilities such as tactile localisation, tactile size perception, and position sense. These representations show remarkably large and stereotyped distortions of represented body size and shape. Intriguingly, these distortions appear to mirror distortions characteristic of somatosensory maps, though in attenuated form.In contrast, when asked to make overt judgments about perceived body form, participants are generally quite accurate. This pattern of results suggests that higher-level somatosensory processing relies on a class of implicit body representation, distinct from the conscious body image. I discuss the implications of these results for understanding the nature of body representation and the factors which influence it. Implicit Body Representations 3Our body is ubiquitous in perceptual experience, and is central to our sense of self and personal identity. As William James (1890) observed, our body is not ours, it is us. Thus, how we mentally represent our body has profound implications for our sense of identity, selfesteem, and overall mental health. Indeed, disordered body representation is central to several serious and debilitating diseases, including eating disorders (Treasure, Claudino, & Zucker, 2010), body dysmorphic disorder (Phillips, Didie, Feusner, & Wilhelm, 2008), and phantom limb pain (Flor, Nikolajsen, & Staehelin Jensen, 2006).The subjective, conscious experience of embodiment, however, is only one way in which the brain represents the body. Many forms of perception also require referencing to representations of the body, such as its size and shape. The use of binocular vision for depth perception, for example, requires that information about the spacing between the eyes be known (Banks, 1988). Similarly, the use of temporal differences in when sounds reach the two ears for auditory localisation requires that the distance between the ears be known (Aslin, Pisoni, & Jusczyk, 1983;Clifton et al., 1988). Other studies have shown that other types of body representations inform perception, such as eye-height which affects the perceived passability of doorways (Warren & Whang, 1987), hand size which affects the perceived size of seen objects (Linkenauger, Ramenzoni, & Proffitt, 2010), and arm length which affects the extent of the 'near space' immediately surrounding the body (Longo & Lourenco, 2007).While information about the body is used in perceptual modalities like vision and audition, it is for the most part secondary. In somatosensation, in contrast, representations of the body are central, since the primary receptor surface -the skin -is physically co-extensive with the bo...

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Too Fat to Fit through the Door: First Evidence for Disturbed Body-Scaled Action in Anorexia Nervosa during Locomotion

Cited by 134 publications

References 35 publications

Illusory Obesity Triggers Body Dissatisfaction Responses in the Insula and Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Illusory Obesity Triggers Body Dissatisfaction Responses in the Insula and Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Fiction-reading for good or ill: eating disorders, interpretation and the case for creative bibliotherapy research

Implicit and Explicit Body Representations

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