Tonsillar size in 2‐ to 14‐year‐old children with and without snoring

Kaditis, Athanasios G.; Lianou, Loukia; Hatzinikolaou, Souzana; Kalampouka, Efthimia; Gartagani-Panayiotopoulou, Polytimi; Ζιντζαράς, Ηλίας; Chrousos, George P.

doi:10.1002/ppul.21126

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…There was inverse correlation between objective tonsil volume and distance between anterior tonsillar pillars. Kaditis et al [9] have evaluated correlation between the subjective tonsil size in patients with or without sleep disordered breathing. They have found no significant difference between age or obesity and subjective tonsil size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does subjective tonsillar grading reflect the real volume of palatine tonsils?

Yasan

Aynali

Erdoğan

et al. 2011

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does subjective tonsillar grading reflect the real volume of palatine tonsils?

Yasan

Aynali

Erdoğan

et al. 2011

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

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“…Kaditis et al (2009) measured urinary catecholamines in 44 OSA children with different levels of nocturnal hypoxemia, and also included 10 control children. Noradrenaline and adrenaline urine levels correlated significantly with the obstructive apnea–hypopnea index.…”

Section: Autonomic Alterations In Children With Osamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Noradrenaline and adrenaline urine levels correlated significantly with the obstructive apnea–hypopnea index. Since concentrations of catecholamines were measured in morning urine specimens collected after arousal from sleep, the significant associations between urinary catecholamines and polysomnographic indices most likely reflect increased nocturnal activity of sympathetic neurons and possibly of the adrenal medulla (Kaditis et al, 2009). In a larger cohort, Snow et al (2010) assessed 159 habitually snoring children who underwent overnight polysomnography and collection of the first morning voided urine sample to measure the concentrations of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine.…”

Section: Autonomic Alterations In Children With Osamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympathetic and Catecholaminergic Alterations in Sleep Apnea with Particular Emphasis on Children

Hakim¹,

Gozal²,

Kheirandish‐Gozal³

2012

Front. Neur.

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Sleep is involved in the regulation of major organ functions in the human body, and disruption of sleep potentially can elicit organ dysfunction. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most prevalent sleep disorder of breathing in adults and children, and its manifestations reflect the interactions between intermittent hypoxia, intermittent hypercapnia, increased intra-thoracic pressure swings, and sleep fragmentation, as elicited by the episodic changes in upper airway resistance during sleep. The sympathetic nervous system is an important modulator of the cardiovascular, immune, endocrine and metabolic systems, and alterations in autonomic activity may lead to metabolic imbalance and organ dysfunction. Here we review how OSA and its constitutive components can lead to perturbation of the autonomic nervous system in general, and to altered regulation of catecholamines, both of which then playing an important role in some of the mechanisms underlying OSA-induced morbidities.

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“…K aditis et al [23] hypothesised that tonsillar tissue in young children with SDB occupies a larger proportion of the oropharyngeal space compared with young subjects without SDB and with older age groups. This proportion may decrease in subjects without SDB, but remains unchanged in children with snoring resulting in persistent restriction of the upper airway lumen [23]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep clinical record: what differences in school and preschool children?

et al. 2016

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The sleep clinical record (SCR) may be a valid method for detecting children with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). This study aimed to evaluate whether there were differences in SCR depending on age and to identify the possible risk factors for OSA development.We enrolled children with sleep disordered breathing between 2013 and 2015, and divided them according to age into preschool- and school-age groups. All patients underwent SCR and polysomnography.OSA was detected in 81.1% and 83.6% of preschool- and school-age groups, respectively. Obesity, malocclusions, nasal septal deviation and inferior turbinate hypertrophy were significantly more prevalent in school-age children (p<0.05); however, only tonsillar hypertrophy had significant hazard ratio (2.3) for OSA development. Saddle nose, nasal hypotonia, oral breathing and tonsillar hypertrophy were significantly more prevalent for development of OSA in preschoolers (p<0.03). The SCR score was significantly higher among preschool children than in school-age children (8.4±2.22 versus 7.9±2.6; p=0.044). Further, SCR score >6.5 had a sensitivity of 74% in predicting OSA in preschool children with positive predictive value of 86% (p=0.0001).Our study confirms the validity of the SCR as a screening tool for patient candidates for a PSG study for suspected OSA, in both school and preschool children.

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Tonsillar size in 2‐ to 14‐year‐old children with and without snoring

Abstract: Young and older children with SDB have similar tonsillar size. In contrast, older subjects without snoring have smaller tonsils than young subjects without snoring. Tonsillar enlargement in children with SDB probably occurs in early childhood without change in older age.

Cited by 27 publications

References 39 publications

Does subjective tonsillar grading reflect the real volume of palatine tonsils?

Does subjective tonsillar grading reflect the real volume of palatine tonsils?

Sympathetic and Catecholaminergic Alterations in Sleep Apnea with Particular Emphasis on Children

Sleep clinical record: what differences in school and preschool children?

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