Tonic immobility in Japanese quail can reduce the probability of sustained attack by cats

Thompson, Roger K. R.; Foltin, Richard W.; Boylan, Rebecca; Sweet, A.; Graves, Cynthia A.; Lowitz, C. E.

doi:10.3758/bf03212037

Cited by 143 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In poultry there are good indications that the freezing seen in the birds is related to an anti-predator response with birds showing a shorter freezing response being more prone to being killed by predators [142]. The situation in the pig is more complex, in the most common restraint test in the pig, the backtest, the piglet is put on its back and either restrained manually [82] or by means of a small weight [17], and it is hard to see how this situation directly relates to a predation situation.…”

Section: Concluding Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A critical review of fear tests used on cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry and horses

Forkman¹,

Boissy

Meunier-Salaün

et al. 2007

Physiology & Behavior

736

626

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FORKMAN, B., A., BOISSY, M.-C., SALAÜN, E., CANALI, AND R.B., JONES. A critical review of fear tests used on cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry and horses. PHYSIOL. BEHAV. 000-000, 2007. Fear is arguably the most commonly investigated emotion in domestic animals. In the current review we attempt to establish the level of repeatability and validity found for fear tests used on cattle, pigs, sheep and goats, poultry and horses. We focus the review on the three most common types of fear tests: the arena test (open field), the novel object test, and the restraint test. For some tests, e.g. tonic immobility in poultry, there is a good and broad literature on factors that affect the outcome of the test, the validity of the test and its age dependency. However, there are comparatively few of these well defined and validated tests and what is especially missing for most tests is information on the robustness, i.e., what aspects can be changed without affecting the validity of the tests. The relative absence of standardized tests hampers the development of applied ethology as a science.

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Section: Concluding Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed [141] showed that "death feigning" birds often took advantage of escape opportunities. Later Thompson et al [142] showed that TI in quail reduced the probability of the birds being predated by cats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review of fear tests used on cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry and horses

Forkman¹,

Boissy

Meunier-Salaün

et al. 2007

Physiology & Behavior

736

626

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Tonic immobility has been observed to occur in species of several phyla, and possibly even in humans (Suarez & Gallup, 1979). Naturalistic observations reveal that a number of prey do exhibit tonic immobility when contacted by a predator (Armstrong, 1965;Hediger, 1955;Sargeant & Eberhardt, 1975), and recent laboratory evidence (Thompson, Foltin, Boylan, Sweet, Graves, & Lowitz, 1981)shows that tonic immobility in quail deters predation by cats. The adaptive significance of both freezing and tonic immobility becomes obvious when one considers that sounds emitted by prey can attract predators (Busnel, 1963) and that prey movement is often a necessary condition for eliciting and maintaining orientation and/or attack (Askew, Musimeci, Sloane, & Stephan, 1970;Burghardt, 1966;Curio, 1976;Drummond, 1979;Fox, 1969;Herzog & Burghardt, 1974;Kaufman, 1974;MacDonald, 1973;Sisk, 1963;Smith & Watson, 1972).…”

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confidence: 99%

Predatory overtones of open-field testing in chickens

Suarez

Gallup

1981

Animal Learning & Behavior

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Based on a modelwhich holds that open-field behavior is due in large part to an interaction between social separation and the threat of predation, seven experiments were conducted to examine the relationship between tonic immobility and open-field activity in chickens. The results showed that placement in an open field prior to testing for tonic immobility reliably enhanced the duration of immobility. Similarly, procedures that have been shown to modify the length of the immobility episode had a comparable effect on the timing of activity onset in an open field. Since tonic immobility has been independently implicated as a putative predator defense, the correspondence between open-field behavior and tonic immobility was taken as indirect support for the hypothesis that open-field testing contains overtones of predation.153

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“…A IT está presente no sono da maioria das espécies, em filhotes de mamíferos suspensos pelo dorso, no predador observando a presa, em vários animais em alerta ou que mimetizam elementos inanimados do ambiente; e em situações mais específicas, tais como a fêmea de muitas espécies durante a cópula 20,21 . Em muitos casos, a IT é "um recurso usado em uma etapa derradeira do comportamento defensivo, quando outras estratégias se tornam ineficazes à preservação da vida" 16,24,25 . A origem filogenética dos mecanismos fisiológicos envolvidos nas respostas comportamentais da IT não é conhecida.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Hipnose, imobilidade tônica e eletroencefalograma

Cortez

Silva

2013

J. bras. psiquiatr.

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resuMo objetivo: Apresentar uma revisão sobre as características da atividade elétrica cerebral que acompanha a hipnose animal, estado induzido em laboratório em mamíferos por manipulações experimentais, bem como sobre as alterações encontradas no EEG durante o estado de hipnose, visando à discussão dos resultados encontrados na busca de evidências dos fundamentos filogenéticos que possam conduzir ao entendimento dos rudimentos neurais da hipnose humana. Método: Livros e bases eletrônicas de dados foram consultados. Critério de inclusão: artigos originais publicados entre 1966-2012. Critério de exclusão: artigos que se afastavam da visão eletroneurofisiológica da hipnose. resultados: Foram encontradas 662 referências, tendo sido selecionados os artigos e livros referenciados. Além desses artigos, foi incluído no estudo o artigo de Hoagland, publicado em 1928, que é um clássico na área de imobilidade tônica em vertebrados. Conclusões: O estado de hipnose humano resulta de processamentos em inúmeros circuitos paralelos distribuídos em uma complexa rede neuronal, envolvendo, dessa forma, uma ampla área do encéfalo. Na trajetória evolutiva, a grande ampliação dos recursos corticais pode ter tornado as respostas de imobilidade tônica passíveis de modulação consciente, respostas essas ainda presentes nos humanos e que se manifestam involuntariamente em situações de grande ameaça. Vários estudos têm evidenciado mecanismos neurofisiológicos capazes de reforçar a visão da hipnose não só como um eficiente recurso para procedimentos médicos e odontológicos, funcionando como auxiliar na analgesia e sedação, mas também como excelente ferramenta psicoterapêutica. aBstraCt objective: To present a revision on characteristics of electric brain activity accompanying the animal hypnosis, state induced in laboratory in mammals by means experimental manipulation, as well as on alterations found in EEG during hypnosis, aiming to find phylogenetic basis that could conduct us to the understanding of neural rudiments of the hypnosis state. Method: Books and electronics data basis were consulted. Inclusion criteria: original articles published between 1966-2012. Exclusion criteria: articles deviating from electro-neurophysiological hypnosis vision. results: It was found 662 articles in journals and books, and references show those chosen. In addition, we included the Hoagland' paper published in 1928, which is a classical paper about tonic immobility in vertebrates. Conclusions: Human hypnosis state results from processing of several parallel circuits distributed in a complex neuronal network, involving a wide area of encephalon. In the evolution, the enlargement of

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Tonic immobility in Japanese quail can reduce the probability of sustained attack by cats

Cited by 143 publications

References 23 publications

A critical review of fear tests used on cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry and horses

A critical review of fear tests used on cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry and horses

Predatory overtones of open-field testing in chickens

Hipnose, imobilidade tônica e eletroencefalograma

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