Tonic immobility and high‐intensity calls in a precocial chick as a function of age, diet, and time of day

Hill, Wendy L.; Fleming, Tara M.; Shrier, Eric M.

doi:10.1002/dev.420270602

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…1999). Interestingly, TI has been found to exhibit a circadian rhythm in a variety of species (Hennig and Dunlap 1977; Hill et al . 1994; Stahlbaum et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Situational factors affecting sleep paralysis and associated hallucinations: position and timing effects

2002

Journal of Sleep Research

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Sleep paralysis (SP) entails a period of paralysis upon waking or falling asleep and is often accompanied by terrifying hallucinations. Two situational conditions for sleep paralysis, body position (supine, prone, and left or right lateral decubitus) and timing (beginning, middle, or end of sleep), were investigated in two studies involving 6730 subjects, including 4699 SP experients. A greater number of individuals reported SP in the supine position than all other positions combined. The supine position was also 3–4 times more common during SP than when normally falling asleep. The supine position during SP was reported to be more prevalent at the middle and end of sleep than at the beginning suggesting that the SP episodes at the later times might arise from brief microarousals during REM, possibly induced by apnea. Reported frequency of SP was also greater among those consistently reporting episodes at the beginning and middle of sleep than among those reporting episodes when waking up at the end of sleep. The effects of position and timing of SP on the nature of hallucinations that accompany SP were also examined. Modest effects were found for SP timing, but not body position, and the reported intensity of hallucinations and fear during SP. Thus, body position and timing of SP episodes appear to affect both the incidence and, to a lesser extent, the quality of the SP experience.

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“…1999). Interestingly, TI has been found to exhibit a circadian rhythm in a variety of species (Hennig and Dunlap 1977; Hill et al . 1994; Stahlbaum et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Situational factors affecting sleep paralysis and associated hallucinations: position and timing effects

2002

Journal of Sleep Research

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“…Although this procedure has been employed in a number of studies (e.g., Hill et al, 1994;Rovee et al, 1977;Rovee et al, 1976;Rovee-Collier et al, 1983), the interruption of tonic immobility may have caused a ceiling effect. The difference in duration of tonic immobility between chicks tested in the a.m. and the p.m. for those given light cues late in incubation may have been more pronounced if there had been no experimenter-imposed upper limit to tonic-immobility duration and chicks were allowed to terminate the behavior on their own.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The difference in duration of tonic immobility between chicks tested in the a.m. and the p.m. for those given light cues late in incubation may have been more pronounced if there had been no experimenter-imposed upper limit to tonic-immobility duration and chicks were allowed to terminate the behavior on their own. Hill et al (1994) examined the rate of vocalization of chicks during tonic immobility as a function of clock hour and found that chicks called at a significantly faster rate when tested during the day than at night. In the present study, the fact that birds exposed to light cues during the late stage of incubation called at a somewhat faster rate when they were tested during the a.m. than when tested at p.m., and more so than the other prehatch groups, provides further support for the endogenous clock beginning to function sometime after Day 13 of incubation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prehatch entrainment of circadian rhythms in the domestic chick using different light regimes

Hill¹,

Bassi²,

Bonaventura³

et al. 2004

Developmental Psychobiology

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The onset of circadian rhythms in many animals occurs during prenatal development. We conducted four experiments, using the domestic chick as a model, to assess when these rhythms can first be entrained and the type of light zeitgeber necessary. In Experiment 1, the presence of circadian rhythms was assessed using tonic immobility, an antipredator behavior, whereas in Experiments 2 to 4 body temperature was studied. We demonstrate that (a) circadian rhythms can be entrained during the late stage of the chick's 21-day incubation period (prehatch Days 13-18), (b) only 1 day of light cues [12:12 hr light:dark (12L:12D)] on prehatch Day 13 is necessary for entrainment, and (c) short bouts of light, which simulate the light cues embryos typically experience during natural incubation, can act as zeitgebers although they are not as effective as 12L:12D. The onset of entrainment is earlier than predicted and suggests that the brain structures mediating circadian rhythms mature sooner than proposed by previous research.

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“…Other psychobiological studies have suggested that neurotransmitters and endogenous substances could be involved in animal screaming. For example, a reduction in vocalization was noted in rats with increased endogenous opiates (Goodwin & Barr, 1997) and in chickens with a tryptophan-enriched diet, which raised their serotonin level (Hill, Fleming, & Shrier, 1994). On the other hand, an increase in vocalization was observed in mice that were administered an anticholinergic drug (Branchi, Campolongo, & Alleva, 2004).…”

Section: Screaming In Animals and Human Beingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screaming in elderly persons with dementia

Bourbonnais

Ducharme

2008

Dementia

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This article presents a critical review of empirical data to guide knowledge development of screaming in elderly persons with dementia. Many reasons have been identified for why humans and animals scream. Studies on elderly populations have focused mostly on factors associated with screaming. Also, a vast selection of interventions for elderly persons with dementia who scream has been tested, but there is little evidence of their efficacy. Better knowledge of screaming in this population is needed. In particular, the meaning of this behaviour must be determined and stronger evidence of the efficacy of interventions must be acquired. In order to develop helpful clinical interventions, it is suggested that diverse research methods be used and that the perspective of all actors involved be considered, including that of the elderly persons, their families and their professional caregivers.

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Tonic immobility and high‐intensity calls in a precocial chick as a function of age, diet, and time of day

Cited by 7 publications

References 40 publications

Situational factors affecting sleep paralysis and associated hallucinations: position and timing effects

Situational factors affecting sleep paralysis and associated hallucinations: position and timing effects

Prehatch entrainment of circadian rhythms in the domestic chick using different light regimes

Screaming in elderly persons with dementia

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