Tonic and Kinetic Responses of Cat's Vestibular Neurons to Horizontal Angular Acceleration

Shimazu, Hiroshi; Precht, W.

doi:10.1152/jn.1965.28.6.991

Cited by 576 publications

(81 citation statements)

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“…In frog, tonic and phasic 2°VNs are ideally suited for a separate central processing of linear and nonlinear components. Appropriate homologues for a respective parallel processing in mammals might be tonic and "kinetic" vestibular neurons described in cat (Shimazu and Precht, 1965) or rodent type A and B medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) neurons (Babalian et al, 1997). The latter types exhibit adequate cellular properties necessary for differential signal processing (Straka et al, 2005) mostly based on differences in potassium conductances (Gittis and du Lac, 2007).…”

Section: Common Principles Of Vertebrate Central Vestibular Informatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Dynamic Processing of Afferent Signals in Frog Tonic and Phasic Second-Order Vestibular Neurons

Pfanzelt¹,

Rössert²,

Rohregger³

et al. 2008

J. Neurosci.

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The sensory-motor transformation of the large dynamic spectrum of head-motion-related signals occurs in separate vestibulo-ocular pathways. Synaptic responses of tonic and phasic second-order vestibular neurons were recorded in isolated frog brains after stimulation of individual labyrinthine nerve branches with trains of single electrical pulses. The timing of the single pulses was adapted from spike discharge patterns of frog semicircular canal nerve afferents during sinusoidal head rotation. Because each electrical pulse evoked a single spike in afferent fibers, the resulting sequences with sinusoidally modulated intervals and peak frequencies up to 100 Hz allowed studying the processing of presynaptic afferent inputs with in vivo characteristics in second-order vestibular neurons recorded in vitro in an isolated whole brain. Variation of pulse-train parameters showed that the postsynaptic compound response dynamics differ in the two types of frog vestibular neurons. In tonic neurons, subthreshold compound responses and evoked discharge patterns exhibited relatively linear dynamics and were generally aligned with pulse frequency modulation. In contrast, compound responses of phasic neurons were asymmetric with large leads of subthreshold response peaks and evoked spike discharge relative to stimulus waveform. These nonlinearities were caused by the particular intrinsic properties of phasic vestibular neurons and were facilitated by GABAergic and glycinergic inhibitory inputs from tonic type vestibular interneurons and by cerebellar circuits. Coadapted intrinsic filter and emerging network properties thus form dynamically different neuronal elements that provide the appropriate cellular basis for a parallel processing of linear, tonic, and nonlinear phasic vestibulo-ocular response components in central vestibular neurons.

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Section: Common Principles Of Vertebrate Central Vestibular Informatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Dynamic Processing of Afferent Signals in Frog Tonic and Phasic Second-Order Vestibular Neurons

Pfanzelt¹,

Rössert²,

Rohregger³

et al. 2008

J. Neurosci.

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“…Comparisons of the responses to head rotations of primary afferents (Goldberg and Fernandez,197 la) and of neurons that receive monosynaptic inputs from the primary afferents Shimazu and Precht, 1965;Melvill Jones and Milsum,, 1970;Shinoda and Yoshida, 1974) have demonstrated similar bimodal distributions of the time constants of their responses to steps of head acceleration. Comparisons of the responses of the same groups of primary and secondary neurons to electrical stimulation of the vestibular apparatus Highstein et al, 1987) have established correlations between the thresholds of central vestibular neurons and of vestibular afferents with different physiological properties.…”

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confidence: 98%

Physiological properties of vestibular primary afferents that mediate motor learning and normal performance of the vestibulo-ocular reflex in monkeys

Bronte-Stewart

Lisberger

1994

J. Neurosci.

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We have used electrical stimulation of the vestibular apparatus to reveal parallels between the physiological responses of the vestibular afferents activated at different currents and the properties of the evoked eye movements before and after magnifying spectacles had been used to cause motor learning in the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). Stimulation with the lowest currents caused little or no eye motion, but activated all the afferents with irregular spontaneous discharge, low sensitivities to head velocity, and highly phasic responses during rapid head turns. Stimulation with moderate currents caused substantial eye motion that was weakly affected by motor learning; these currents activated afferents with a wide range of physiological properties, including many that had intermediate discharge regularity, high sensitivity to head velocity, and clear phasic responses during rapid head turns. Stimulation at still higher currents caused still larger eye movements that were strongly altered by motor learning; these currents activated primarily afferents that had regular spontaneous discharge, lower sensitivities to head velocity, and tonic responses during rapid head turns. Stimulation at the highest currents did not cause any further increment in the amplitude of the evoked eye movement, but activated the afferents with the most regular spontaneous discharge and the lowest sensitivities to head velocity. The data imply that the VOR pathways receive substantial vestibular inputs from afferents with a middle range of thresholds for electrical stimulation. These afferents have a wide range of physiological properties, including a large group that shows substantial phasic responses during rapid head turns. The data also suggest that only a subset of these afferents, primarily those with more regular spontaneous discharge, project into the VOR pathways that are modified in association with motor learning.

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“…CW and CCW were defined from the subject's viewpoint. The velocity plateau of the turntable was reached with an acceleration of 0.05°/s 2 , which is below the detection threshold of the semicircular canals (Diamond et al 1982;Shimazu and Precht 1965). On the turntable, a total of three consecutive 360° rotations and an additional 40° rotation were performed in both directions (i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Antihysteresis of perceived longitudinal body axis during continuous quasi-static whole-body rotation in the earth-vertical roll plane

et al. 2011

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Estimation of subjective whole-body tilt in stationary roll positions after rapid rotations shows hysteresis. We asked whether this phenomenon is also present during continuous quasi-static whole-body rotation and whether gravitational cues are a major contributing factor. Using a motorized turntable, 8 healthy subjects were rotated continuously about the earth-horizontal naso-occipital axis (earth-vertical roll plane) and the earth-vertical naso-occipital axis (earth-horizontal roll plane). In both planes, three full constant velocity rotations (2°/s) were completed in clockwise and counterclockwise directions (acceleration = 0.05°/s(2), velocity plateau reached after 40 s). Subjects adjusted a visual line along the perceived longitudinal body axis (pLBA) every 2 s. pLBA deviation from the longitudinal body axis was plotted as a function of whole-body roll position, and a sine function was fitted. At identical whole-body earth-vertical roll plane positions, pLBA differed depending on whether the position was reached by a rotation from upright or by passing through upside down. After the first 360°r otation, pLBA at upright whole-body position deviated significantly in the direction of rotation relative to pLBA prior to rotation initiation. This deviation remained unchanged after subsequent full rotations. In contrast, earth-horizontal roll plane rotations resulted in similar pLBA before and after each rotation cycle. We conclude that the deviation of pLBA in the direction of rotation during quasi-static earth-vertical roll plane rotations reflects static antihysteresis and might be a consequence of the known static hysteresis of ocular counterroll: a visual line that is perceived that earth-vertical is expected to be antihysteretic, if ocular torsion is hysteretic.

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Tonic and Kinetic Responses of Cat's Vestibular Neurons to Horizontal Angular Acceleration

Cited by 576 publications

References 0 publications

Differential Dynamic Processing of Afferent Signals in Frog Tonic and Phasic Second-Order Vestibular Neurons

Differential Dynamic Processing of Afferent Signals in Frog Tonic and Phasic Second-Order Vestibular Neurons

Physiological properties of vestibular primary afferents that mediate motor learning and normal performance of the vestibulo-ocular reflex in monkeys

Antihysteresis of perceived longitudinal body axis during continuous quasi-static whole-body rotation in the earth-vertical roll plane

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