Tongue Strength is Associated with Grip Strength and Nutritional Status in Older Adult Inpatients of a Rehabilitation Hospital

Sakai, Kotomi; Nakayama, Enri; Tohara, Haruka; Maeda, Tomomi; Sugimoto, Motonobu; Takehisa, Takahiro; Takehisa, Yozo; Ueda, Kôichiro

doi:10.1007/s00455-016-9751-5

Cited by 71 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…A weak positive correlation was noted between GS and TP, indicators of muscle strength in generalised and oral sarcopenia, respectively ( r = .29, P = .03). Buehring et al and Sakai et al reported a correlation between TP and GS. Our results and previous reports suggest that TP can be suitably employed as an indicator of muscle strength in oral sarcopenia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The relationship between sarcopenia and oral sarcopenia in elderly people

Kobuchi

Okuno

Kusunoki

et al. 2020

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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In the ageing society, sarcopenia, in which muscle strength and motor function decline with age, has attracted attention, and many researchers have investigated different testing and treatment methods. 1-6 Aspiration resulting from reduced swallowing function is a problem in the elderly, and aspiration pneumonia significantly deteriorates the life prognosis and QOL. 7 These disorders associated with reduced swallowing function were dysphagia. As sarcopenia is involved in the onset of dysphagia, 8,9 the relationship between sarcopenia and dysphagia has attracted attention. AbstractBackground: Sarcopenia in the oral region, including the tongue, leads to declined swallowing function and dysphagia. Muscle mass and strength, and motor function in the oral region have not been examined together, and the relationship between generalised and oral sarcopenia remains unclear. Objective(s):The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between generalised sarcopenia and oral sarcopenia in the elderly in order to facilitate the establishment of a method for assessing oral sarcopenia. Methods:A total of 54 elderly persons participated in this study. We examined the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), grip strength (GS) and walking speed (WS) as the index of generalised sarcopenia, and the cross-sectional area of the geniohyoid muscle (CSG), tongue pressure (TP) and oral diadochokinesis (ODK) as the index of oral sarcopenia. Results:We found a moderate correlation between CSG and SMI, a weak correlation between GS and TP, and a moderate correlation between WS and ODK. CSG, TP and ODK were significantly smaller in the sarcopenia group than in the non-sarcopenia group. By multiple regression analysis, SMI and TP were significantly associated with CSG. ODK, BMI and CSG were significantly associated with TP. WS and SMI were significantly associated with ODK.Conclusion: CSG, TP and ODK were confirmed as endpoints of oral sarcopenia. All endpoints of oral sarcopenia were influenced by those of generalised sarcopenia. K E Y W O R D Sgeniohyoid muscle, oral diadochokinesis, oral sarcopenia, sarcopenia, tongue pressure | 637 KOBUCHI et al.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The relationship between sarcopenia and oral sarcopenia in elderly people

Kobuchi

Okuno

Kusunoki

et al. 2020

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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“…An age‐related decrease in tongue pressure was found in healthy older individuals, and an association between tongue pressure and dysphagia has been observed in healthy older individuals, stroke patients, and older individuals without known neurological diseases . Additionally, an association between decreased tongue pressure and grip strength was found in community‐dwelling older individuals, and an association between low tongue pressure and nutritional status was observed in older inpatients in a convalescent rehabilitation ward . Furthermore, relationships between whole‐body sarcopenia, low tongue pressure and low mouth opening strength have been shown …”

Section: Mechanisms and Risk Factors Of Dysphagia Caused By Sarcopeniamentioning

confidence: 92%

“…47 Additionally, an association between decreased tongue pressure and grip strength was found in community-dwelling older individuals, 48 and an association between low tongue pressure and nutritional status was observed in older inpatients in a convalescent rehabilitation ward. 49 Furthermore, relationships between whole-body sarcopenia, low tongue pressure and low mouth opening strength have been shown. 50 Whole-body muscle mass loss and sarcopenia are also related to dysphagia.…”

Section: Mechanisms and Risk Factors Of Dysphagia Caused By Sarcopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenia and dysphagia: Position paper by four professional organizations

Fujishima¹,

Fujiu-Kurachi

Arai

et al. 2019

Geriatrics Gerontology Int

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290

255

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This report was written by the Japanese Society of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, the Japanese Association of Rehabilitation Nutrition, the Japanese Association on Sarcopenia and Frailty, and the Society of Swallowing and Dysphagia of Japan to consolidate the currently available evidence on the topics of sarcopenia and dysphagia. Histologically, the swallowing muscles are of different embryological origin from somatic muscles, and receive constant input stimulation from the respiratory center. Although the swallowing muscles are striated, their characteristics are different from those of skeletal muscles. The swallowing muscles are inevitably affected by malnutrition and disuse; accumulating evidence is available regarding the influence of malnutrition on the swallowing muscles. Sarcopenic dysphagia is defined as dysphagia caused by sarcopenia of the whole body and swallowing‐related muscles. When sarcopenia does not exist in the entire body, the term “sarcopenic dysphagia” should not be used. Additionally, sarcopenia due to neuromuscular diseases should be excluded; however, aging and secondary sarcopenia after inactivity, malnutrition and disease (wasting disorder and cachexia) are included in sarcopenic dysphagia. The treatment of dysphagia due to sarcopenia requires both dysphagia rehabilitation, such as resistance training of the swallowing muscles and nutritional intervention. However, the fundamental issue of how dysphagia caused by sarcopenia of the swallowing muscles should be diagnosed remains unresolved. Furthermore, whether dysphagia can be caused by primary sarcopenia should be clarified. Additionally, more discussion is required on issues such as the relationship between dysphagia and secondary sarcopenia, as well as the diagnostic criteria and means for diagnosing dysphagia caused by sarcopenia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 91–97.

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“…Brain representation training‐based interventions such as MI, AO and VMF have been proposed as novel therapeutic tools to facilitate motor cortex activity, with or without the actual exercise, for patients who are unable to perform the movements . In this regard, this type of intervention could have a favourable effect on patients with temporomandibular disorders and those with dysphagia in whom pain sensitivity, tongue weakness or motor and emotional processing could be disrupted and related to the maintenance and appearance of the pathologic condition . The combination of motor control exercises and MI has also shown statistically significant changes in sensorimotor function variables of the craniocervical region and in the subjective perception of fatigue, when compared with exercises performed in isolation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of brain training through visual mirror feedback, action observation and motor imagery on orofacial sensorimotor variables: A single‐blind randomized controlled trial

Herranz‐Gómez

Destenay

Gey-Seedorf

et al. 2020

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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Objectives:The main objective was to evaluate the effects of action observation (AO), visual mirror feedback (VMF) and motor imagery (MI), combined with an orofacial exercise programme, on sensorimotor variables in asymptomatic participants. Methods:We designed a randomised, single-blind, controlled trial that included 52 asymptomatic participants who were randomly assigned to 4 groups, 13 to each of the VMF, MI and AO groups and 13 to the control group (CG), which only performed the exercise programme. The primary outcomes were pain pressure sensitivity and tongue muscle strength. The secondary outcomes were maximum mouth opening, tongue length and the ability to generate mental motor images. Each group underwent a 3-session intervention using their respective exercise. Measurements were performed before starting the intervention and after each of the 3 sessions (pre, mid1, mid2 and post).Results: ANOVA revealed significant changes in PPTs in the masseter muscle region in the MI and AO groups in the pre-post and mid1-post changes. ANOVA revealed significant differences in tongue muscle strength in the anterior direction only in the AO group in the pre-mid2 and pre-post changes.Conclusions: AO and MI, in conjunction with exercise, could induce changes in PPTs for the masseter muscle. In addition, only AO produced changes in tongue muscle strength. More research is needed to determine the role of brain representation techniques in the oro-facial region and transferring this exercise to the rehabilitation setting. K E Y W O R D S action observation, motor imagery, oro-facial exercises, pain pressure thresholds, visual mirror feedback | 621 LA TOUCHE ET AL. How to cite this article: La Touche R, Herranz-Gómez A, Destenay L, et al. Effect of brain training through visual mirror feedback, action observation and motor imagery on orofacial sensorimotor variables: A single-blind randomized controlled trial. J Oral Rehabil. 2020;47:620-635. https ://doi.

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Tongue Strength is Associated with Grip Strength and Nutritional Status in Older Adult Inpatients of a Rehabilitation Hospital

Cited by 71 publications

References 33 publications

The relationship between sarcopenia and oral sarcopenia in elderly people

The relationship between sarcopenia and oral sarcopenia in elderly people

Sarcopenia and dysphagia: Position paper by four professional organizations

Effect of brain training through visual mirror feedback, action observation and motor imagery on orofacial sensorimotor variables: A single‐blind randomized controlled trial

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