Tongue Piercing: The Effect of Material on Microbiological Findings

Kapferer, Ines; Beier, Ulrike Stephanie; Persson, Rutger

doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.10.008

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Ziebolz et al (34) reported that the longer the piercing had been in place and the worse the oral and piercing hygiene, the more pronounced was the shift from bacteria with a moderate periodontopathogenic potential to bacteria with a high periodontopathogenic potential. Heavy smoking also seemed to have an effect, and the piercing material was found to play an additional role in plaque accumulation (35). Overall, these results emphasize the need to inform patients with oral piercings about their increased risk of bacterial infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

The prevalence of oral and peri‐oral piercings in young adults: a systematic review

Hennequin-Hoenderdos

Slot

Weijden

2012

Int J Dental Hygiene

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Objective To determine the prevalence of oral and/or peri‐oral piercings in young adults based on a systematic review of the available literature. Material and methods The MEDLINE‐PubMed, Cochrane‐CENTRAL and EMBASE databases were comprehensively searched through April 2012 to identify appropriate studies. The prevalence of oral and/or peri‐oral piercings was evaluated in the general population, as well as by gender and by anatomical site. Results An independent screening of 1711 unique titles and abstracts resulted in 13 publications that met the eligibility criteria. In total, 11 249 participants (mean age, 20.6 years) were questioned and/or examined for oral and/or peri‐oral piercings. In the studies that provided information concerning the presence of oral and/or peri‐oral piercings, the prevalence varied from 0.8% to 12%, resulting in a mean prevalence of 5.2%. When examined based on anatomical site, the most common sites were the tongue (a prevalence of 5.6%), followed by the lip (1.5%). Oral piercings were more prevalent in women (5.6%) than men (1.6%). Conclusion Among the populations that were studied, oral and/or peri‐oral piercings were observed in a relatively small percentage (5.2%) of young adults. The prevalence was approximately four times higher among females when compared with males. On the basis of the literature, the tongue was the most common oral site for a piercing. Dental care professionals are in an ideal position to offer information regarding safe piercings and to provide advice regarding oral hygiene, aftercare and possible complications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

The prevalence of oral and peri‐oral piercings in young adults: a systematic review

Hennequin-Hoenderdos

Slot

Weijden

2012

Int J Dental Hygiene

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“…Eikenella corrodens and Streptococcus oralis were the bacteria chosen to be tested because the study by Kapferer et al [ 2 ] demonstrated a significant presence of these bacteria on the surface of tongue piercings. Eikenella corrodens composes a short list of likely candidates as periodontal pathogens [ 14 ] and is associated with chronic osteomyelitis of the jaws [ 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among numerous piercing locations in the oral cavity, lip and tongue piercings stand out, the latter being one of the most prevalent [ 1 ]. Streptococcus oralis and Eikenella corrodens are among the main bacteria that adhere to the surface of tongue piercings [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In VitroAdherence of Oral Bacteria to Different Types of Tongue Piercings

Borges

Ferreira-Filho

Martins

et al. 2016

The Scientific World Journal

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The purpose of this work was to verify in vitro adherence of E. corrodens and S. oralis to the surface of tongue piercings made of surgical steel, titanium, Bioplast, and Teflon. For this, 160 piercings were used for the count of Colony Forming Units (CFU) and 32 piercings for analysis under scanning electron microscopy. Of these, 96 (24 of each type) were individually incubated in 5 mL of BHI broth and 50 μL of inoculum at 37°C/24 h. The other 96 piercings formed the control group and were individually incubated in 5 mL of BHI broth at 37°C/24 h. Plates were incubated at 37°C/48 h for counting of CFU/mL and data were submitted to statistical analysis (p value <0.05). For E. corrodens, difference among types of material was observed (p < 0.001) and titanium and surgical steel showed lower bacterial adherence. The adherence of S. oralis differed among piercings, showing lower colonization (p < 0.007) in titanium and surgical steel piercings. The four types of piercings were susceptible to colonization by E. corrodens and S. oralis, and bacterial adhesion was more significant in those made of Bioplast and Teflon. The piercings presented bacterial colonies on their surface, being higher in plastic piercings probably due to their uneven and rough surface.

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“…A biofilm is a thick mucoid matter that contains and promotes the development of the bacteria around itself (4). Even in case of appropriate oral hygiene habits, a piercing inside the mouth is often covered with biofilm containing various bacteria such as normal flora, opportunistic and/or inflammatory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rising Concern: A Case of Perforation of the Floor of the Mouth Caused by Tongue Piercing

Özdemir¹,

Kef²

2018

tmsj

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Aims: The aim of this study is to present a case of an infection in the oral cavity due to tongue piercing perforated into the floor of the mouth, thus to raise concern over the increasing popularity of tongue piercing in spite of its risks including perforation in the oral cavity and oral ulcers. Case Report: A sixteen-year-old female patient presented to the clinic with lesions and extreme pain in her oral cavity. The thorough examination showed displacement of the piercing through the tongue, causing a perforation of the floor of the mouth. The piercing was surgically removed. The ulcers were treated with medication. The patient was advised to get professional help and was instructed to pay close attention to oral hygiene in case of reiterated demand for tongue piercing. Conclusion: It is important to ensure that piercing is inserted by a specialist under sterile conditions to prevent complications. If a surgical operation is needed to treat the complications occurred, the clinicians must be aware of the critical veins and nerves that are located in the oral cavity and they should be very careful not to cause any harm during the operation.

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Tongue Piercing: The Effect of Material on Microbiological Findings

Cited by 19 publications

References 28 publications

The prevalence of oral and peri‐oral piercings in young adults: a systematic review

The prevalence of oral and peri‐oral piercings in young adults: a systematic review

In VitroAdherence of Oral Bacteria to Different Types of Tongue Piercings

A Rising Concern: A Case of Perforation of the Floor of the Mouth Caused by Tongue Piercing

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