Tonal Annoyance Metric Development for Automotive Electric Vehicles

A literature review [2000–2022] on vehicle acoustics: Investigations on perceptual parameters of interior soundscapes in electrified vehicles

“…Fang et al (2015) 1 , established an objective evaluation parameter termed sensitive frequency-band energy ratio (SFBER) that correlated highly (0.958) with the subjectively evaluated annoyance, indicating to be of a better fit than other psychoacoustic parameters. The study by Pietila et al (2019) supports a frequency dependence in the perception of annoyance by tones in the context of EV noise. A frequency-dependent annoyance curve was developed since common psychoacoustic metrics for tonality, such as TNR, hearing model tonality, and PR, focus on the quantification of tonal levels and detect their audibility in the presence of masking but do not intend to represent a function for perceived tonal annoyance (Pietila et al, 2019).…”

“…The study by Pietila et al (2019) supports a frequency dependence in the perception of annoyance by tones in the context of EV noise. A frequency-dependent annoyance curve was developed since common psychoacoustic metrics for tonality, such as TNR, hearing model tonality, and PR, focus on the quantification of tonal levels and detect their audibility in the presence of masking but do not intend to represent a function for perceived tonal annoyance (Pietila et al, 2019). To gain a better understanding of customers' preferences in terms of EV tonality, N = 10 participants evaluated a total of eight EV drive-away sounds in moderate acceleration and significantly different frequency ranges in a paired comparison task (Pietila et al, 2019).…”

“…A frequency-dependent annoyance curve was developed since common psychoacoustic metrics for tonality, such as TNR, hearing model tonality, and PR, focus on the quantification of tonal levels and detect their audibility in the presence of masking but do not intend to represent a function for perceived tonal annoyance (Pietila et al, 2019). To gain a better understanding of customers' preferences in terms of EV tonality, N = 10 participants evaluated a total of eight EV drive-away sounds in moderate acceleration and significantly different frequency ranges in a paired comparison task (Pietila et al, 2019). The level of the stimuli got adjusted until perceived as equally annoying, whereby the built annoyance curve of Pietila et al (2019) showed lower frequencies to be preferable and higher frequencies to be preferable the least, indicating a frequency dependence aspect to tonal annoyance.…”

“…To gain a better understanding of customers' preferences in terms of EV tonality, N = 10 participants evaluated a total of eight EV drive-away sounds in moderate acceleration and significantly different frequency ranges in a paired comparison task (Pietila et al, 2019). The level of the stimuli got adjusted until perceived as equally annoying, whereby the built annoyance curve of Pietila et al (2019) showed lower frequencies to be preferable and higher frequencies to be preferable the least, indicating a frequency dependence aspect to tonal annoyance. Doleschal et al (2021) as well investigated tonal components of e-powertrain noise as they have the potential to diminish perceived pleasantness and, therefore, the acceptance of electrified driving systems.…”

Vacuum Cleaner Noise Annoyance: An Investigation of Psychoacoustic Parameters, Effect of Test Methodology, and Interaction Effect between Loudness and Sharpness

“…On the other hand, the Sottek model includes a hearing model approach in which the signal is first filtered through the outer and middle ear filtering and the partial loudness of tonal to non-tonal content in critical bands is calculated to determine the tonal loudness. In addition, recent studies have found [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] that the perception of tonal content is frequency-dependent, so the final decision on the strength of the tonal content takes into account the frequency of the tone. Additionally, the distribution of the aforementioned psychoacoustical parameters over 15 vacuum cleaners can be found in Figures 4-6.…”