Tomography of a High-Purity Narrowband Photon from a Transient Atomic Collective Excitation

Abstract

We demonstrate efficient heralded generation of high purity narrow-bandwidth single photons from a transient collective spin excitation in a hot atomic vapour cell. Employing optical homodyne tomography, we fully reconstruct the density matrix of the generated photon and observe a Wigner function reaching the zero value without correcting for any inefficiencies. The narrow bandwidth of the photon produced is accompanied by a high generation rate yielding a high spectral brightness. The source is therefore compatible with atomic-based quantum memories as well as other applications in light-atom interfacing. This work paves the way to preparing and measuring arbitrary superposition states of collective atomic excitations. [6], and quantum metrology [7]. In addition, quantum engineering within the Hilbert space of atomic CSEs is of fundamental interest, as it allows one to explore the isomorphism with the Hilbert space of a single electromagnetic mode [8]. So far, engineering of CSEs has been limited to squeezed spin states [9,10,15] and the single-quantum state [11,12].The single CSE quantum can be prepared by heralding on detection of a photon that has undergone Raman scattering from an atomic ensemble, according to the idea of Duan, Lukin, Cirac and Zoller (DLCZ) [5]. The Hamiltonian governing the Raman scattering event is identical to that of SPDC, leading to the production of a two-mode squeezed state of the scattered light and the CSE. While DLCZ utilizes only the first-order term of the evolution under this Hamiltonian, higher-order terms can be used in combination with complex measurements on the scattered optical mode to produce arbitrary quantum CSE states akin to Bimbard et al. [13].Once the desired collective state has been produced, it needs to be measured. To that end, the readout stage of the DLCZ protocol may be used, in which the CSE is converted into the optical domian in a manner similar to readout from a quantum optical memory based on electromagnetically-induced transparency [14]. Full information about the retrieved optical state, and hence about the CSE, can then be acquired using optical homodyne tomography. An alternative technique of performing tomography on atomic CSEs involves off-resonant Faraday interactions [15].This outlines an approach to synthesis and measurement of arbitrary quantum states of atomic CSEs. Here we present a proof-of-principle experiment to demonstrate the validity of this approach. We produce a heralded single photon from a transient CSE in an atomic vapor cell. For the first time for a photon from an atomic source, we perform homodyne tomography thereupon, obtaining unprecedented uncorrected measurement efficiency of about 50%, leading to a Wigner function which reaches a zero value at the origin of the phase space. In this way, our experiment completes the toolbox required for complete atomic state engineering.Aside from this fundamental aspect, our setup can be viewed as a highly-efficient, spectrally bright source of single photons for experiments on interfaci...

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“…Coherently prepared atomic media are finding an ever increasing range of applications including high resolution metrology [1], precision magnetometry [2], quantum memory [3], entanglement [4] and single-photon sources [5][6][7][8]. For some applications it is necessary to post filter the output to remove the control light.…”

Quantum-network generation based on four-wave mixing

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